Faculty of Social Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Soc Sci Med. 2011 Dec;73(11):1608-17. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.09.012. Epub 2011 Oct 4.
The aim of this paper is to examine educational inequalities in the risk of non-employment among people with illnesses and how they vary between European countries with different welfare state characteristics. In doing so, the paper adds to the growing literature on welfare states and social inequalities in health by studying the often overlooked 'sickness'-dimension of health, namely employment behaviour among people with illnesses. We use European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data from 2005 covering 26 European countries linked to country characteristics derived from Eurostat and OECD that include spending on active labour market policies, benefit generosity, income inequality, and employment protection. Using multilevel techniques we find that comprehensive welfare states have lower absolute and relative social inequalities in sickness, as well as more favourable general rates of non-employment. Hence, regarding sickness, welfare resources appear to trump welfare disincentives.
本文旨在考察在具有不同福利国家特征的欧洲国家中，疾病人群的失业风险存在哪些教育不平等现象，以及这些不平等现象的变化情况。通过研究健康这一“疾病”维度，即疾病人群的就业行为，本文为福利国家与健康方面的不平等现象的研究做出了贡献。我们使用了 2005 年涵盖 26 个欧洲国家的欧盟收入和生活条件统计数据（EU-SILC），这些数据与从欧盟统计局和经合组织获得的国家特征相关联，包括积极劳动力市场政策支出、福利慷慨程度、收入不平等和就业保护。使用多层次技术，我们发现综合福利国家的疾病方面的绝对和相对社会不平等程度较低，一般的非就业率也较为有利。因此，就疾病而言，福利资源似乎比福利抑制因素更为重要。
