Faculty of Social Sciences, Oslo and Akershus Uinversity College of Applied Sciences, Norway.
Int J Health Serv. 2012;42(2):235-55. doi: 10.2190/HS.42.2.f.
In comparative studies of health inequalities, public health researchers have usually studied only disease and illness. Recent studies have also examined the sickness dimension of health, that is, the extent to which ill health is accompanied by joblessness, and how this association varies by education within different welfare contexts. This research has used either a limited number of countries or quantitative welfare state measures in studies of many countries. In this study, the authors expand on this knowledge by investigating whether a regime approach to the welfare state produces consistent results. They analyze data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC); health was measured by limiting longstanding illness (LLSI). Results show that for both men and women reporting LLSI in combination with low educational level, the probabilities of non-employment were particularly high in the Anglo-Saxon and Eastern welfare regimes, and lowest in the Scandinavian regime. For men, absolute and relative social inequalities in sickness were lowest in the Southern regime; for women, inequalities were lowest in the Scandinavian regime. The authors conclude that the Scandinavian welfare regime is more able than other regimes to protect against non-employment in the face of illness, especially for individuals with low educational level.
在健康不平等的比较研究中，公共卫生研究人员通常只研究疾病和疾病。最近的研究还考察了健康的病态维度，即健康不良与失业的程度，以及这种关联在不同福利背景下的教育程度如何变化。这项研究在对多个国家的研究中使用了有限数量的国家或定量福利国家措施。在这项研究中，作者通过调查福利国家的制度方法是否产生一致的结果来扩展这方面的知识。他们分析了来自欧盟收入和生活条件统计数据（EU-SILC）的数据；健康状况通过限制长期患病（LLSI）来衡量。结果表明，对于报告 LLSI 并伴有低教育水平的男性和女性，在盎格鲁-撒克逊和东欧福利制度下，失业的可能性特别高，而在斯堪的纳维亚制度下则最低。对于男性来说，疾病方面的绝对和相对社会不平等在南方制度下最低；对于女性来说，不平等在斯堪的纳维亚制度下最低。作者得出结论，斯堪的纳维亚福利制度比其他制度更有能力在面临疾病时防止失业，特别是对于教育程度低的个人。
