Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada.
Biomaterials. 2012 Jan;33(2):428-43. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.078. Epub 2011 Oct 19.
Myopathies of skeletal muscle are prevalent diseases worldwide. To address this, regenerative therapies are being developed to restore perfusion to ischemic muscle and to reverse muscle wasting. There are adult stem cell populations that inherently possess these therapeutic properties; however, cell transplantation trials in the clinic have shown modest results at best, being limited by poor cell persistence and viability post-transplantation, and by cell relocation to non-target sites. Many materials exist that can elicit and enhance beneficial cell responses - these materials can be applied directly, or used as stem cell delivery vehicles, for regenerative therapies. In particular, components of the body's extracellular matrices may be advantageous for therapeutic application because cells already have a pre-disposition for recognizing them, and also because their usage carries a low probability of inducing negative immune responses. This review will survey the major components of the extracellular matrix and their interactions with relevant stem cell populations for the regeneration of muscle. Future material-based therapies will benefit from a more precise control over therapeutic cell populations implicated in the regenerative response.
骨骼肌肌病是一种全球性的常见病。为了解决这个问题，人们正在开发再生疗法来恢复缺血肌肉的灌注，并逆转肌肉萎缩。有一些成年干细胞群体天生具有这些治疗特性；然而，临床中的细胞移植试验结果最多也只是适度的，这是由于移植后细胞的持久性和活力差，以及细胞向非目标部位的迁移所限制的。有许多材料可以引发和增强有益的细胞反应 - 这些材料可以直接应用，也可以作为干细胞输送载体，用于再生疗法。特别是，细胞外基质的主要成分可能对治疗应用有利，因为细胞已经对其有预先的识别倾向，而且因为它们的使用引起负面免疫反应的可能性很低。这篇综述将调查细胞外基质的主要成分及其与相关干细胞群体的相互作用，以促进肌肉再生。未来基于材料的治疗方法将受益于对再生反应中涉及的治疗性细胞群体进行更精确的控制。
