Fontana Center for Child Protection, NY 10014, USA.
Child Abuse Negl. 2011 Oct;35(10):855-65. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.05.013. Epub 2011 Oct 19.
Psychological maltreatment (PM) is a widespread form of child maltreatment both in high-risk and maltreating families as well as in the general population of parents, yet there are no intervention programs that target it directly. The current study was designed as the first step in a larger program of research concerning educating parents about PM. In this study we evaluated the content of universal parenting programs to assess whether they include content on PM. Three questions were addressed: (1) Which types, if any, of PM were included in the content of these programs? (2) Which programs, if any, have content about each of the types of PM? (3) What are the implications for the development of PM curricula for parents?
Ten evidence-based, manualized, universal parenting programs identified from SAMHSA or a comparable model program registry were rated on how well their content covered 18 types of psychological maltreatment (PM), as defined by the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, APSAC (Bingelli, Hart, & Brassard, 2001; Hart & Brassard, 1995). Each type of PM was coded along several dimensions which resulted in two summary scores: (1) Does the program contain content designed to teach parents what not to do in regards to the 18 psychologically maltreating behaviors and (2) Does the program contain content designed to teach parents what to do instead?
Content related to most PM types were not included in the curricula, especially regarding "what not to do" and not one program was rated as having content related to teaching all 18 types of PM.
Existing parenting programs do not currently cover content for teaching community parents about psychological maltreatment.
心理虐待（PM）是一种普遍存在的儿童虐待形式，无论是在高风险和虐待家庭中，还是在一般的父母群体中，都存在这种现象，但目前还没有专门针对这种现象的干预计划。本研究旨在设计一个更大的研究计划的第一步，该计划涉及教育父母了解 PM。在本研究中，我们评估了普遍育儿计划的内容，以评估它们是否包含 PM 的内容。提出了三个问题：（1）这些计划的内容中包含了哪些类型的 PM（如果有的话）？（2）哪些计划（如果有的话）包含了每种类型的 PM 的内容？（3）对于开发针对父母的 PM 课程有哪些影响？
从 SAMHSA 或类似的模式项目注册处确定了十种基于证据的、手册化的、普遍的育儿计划，并根据美国专业虐待儿童协会（APSAC）（Bingelli、Hart 和 Brassard，2001；Hart 和 Brassard，1995）定义的 18 种心理虐待（PM）类型对其内容进行评估。每种 PM 类型都沿着几个维度进行编码，这导致了两个总结分数：（1）该计划是否包含旨在教导父母在 18 种心理虐待行为方面不要做什么的内容？（2）该计划是否包含旨在教导父母应该做什么的内容？
课程中没有包含与大多数 PM 类型相关的内容，尤其是关于“不要做什么”的内容，而且没有一个计划被评为包含与教授所有 18 种 PM 类型相关的内容。
现有的育儿计划目前不涵盖教授社区父母有关心理虐待的内容。
