Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 Mar 1;185(5):486-97. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201102-0273CI. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
Sedation and analgesia are important components of care for the mechanically ventilated patient in the intensive care unit (ICU). An understanding of commonly used medications is essential to formulate a sedation plan for individual patients. The specific physiological changes that a critically ill patient undergoes can have direct effects on the pharmacology of drugs, potentially leading to interpatient differences in response. Objective assessments of pain, sedation, and agitation have been validated for use in the ICU for assessment and titration of medications. An evidence-based strategy for administering these drugs can lead to improvements in short- and long-term outcomes for patients. In this article, we review advances in the field of ICU sedation to provide an up-to-date perspective on management of the mechanically ventilated ICU patient.
镇静和镇痛是重症监护病房（ICU）机械通气患者治疗的重要组成部分。了解常用药物对于为个体患者制定镇静方案至关重要。危重病患者经历的特定生理变化可能会直接影响药物的药理学，从而导致药物反应的个体间差异。在 ICU 中，已经对疼痛、镇静和躁动的客观评估进行了验证，可用于评估和调整药物剂量。基于证据的药物管理策略可改善患者的短期和长期预后。本文综述了 ICU 镇静领域的进展，为机械通气 ICU 患者的管理提供了最新视角。
