Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.
J Neurosci. 2011 Oct 19;31(42):15048-52. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3164-11.2011.
Adaptive decision making involves selecting the most valuable option, typically by taking an action. Such choices require value comparisons, but there is debate about whether these comparisons occur at the level of stimuli (goods-based) value, action-based value, or both. One view is that value processes occur in series, with stimulus value informing action value. However, lesion work in nonhuman primates suggests that these two kinds of choice are dissociable. Here, we examined action-value and stimulus-value learning in humans with focal frontal lobe damage. Orbitofrontal damage disrupted the ability to sustain the correct choice of stimulus, but not of action, after positive feedback, while damage centered on dorsal anterior cingulate cortex led to the opposite deficit. These findings argue that there are distinct, domain-specific mechanisms by which outcome value is applied to guide subsequent decisions, depending on whether the choice is between stimuli or between actions.
自适应决策涉及选择最有价值的选项，通常通过采取行动来实现。这种选择需要进行价值比较，但关于这些比较是在刺激（基于商品）价值、基于行动的价值还是两者的水平上进行，存在争议。一种观点认为，价值过程是串联发生的，刺激价值为行动价值提供信息。然而，非人类灵长类动物的损伤研究表明，这两种选择是可以分离的。在这里，我们研究了人类在额叶眶额皮质损伤和背侧前扣带皮质损伤情况下的行动价值和刺激价值学习。眶额皮质损伤破坏了在积极反馈后维持刺激正确选择的能力，但不影响行动选择，而背侧前扣带皮质损伤则导致相反的缺陷。这些发现表明，存在不同的、特定于领域的机制，根据选择是在刺激之间还是在行动之间，结果价值被应用于指导随后的决策。
