Muñoz-Lopez Martin, Macia Angela, Garcia-Cañadas Marta, Badge Richard M, Garcia-Perez Jose L
Department of Human DNA Variability; GENYO (Centre Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucía of Genomics and Oncology); Granada, Spain.
Mob Genet Elements. 2011 Jul;1(2):122-127. doi: 10.4161/mge.1.2.16730. Epub 2011 Jul 1.
The ongoing activity of the human retrotransposon Long Interspersed Element 1 (LINE-1 or L1) continues to impact the human genome in various ways. Throughout evolution, mammalian and primate genomes have been under selection to generate strategies to reduce the activity of selfish DNA like L1. Similarly, selfish DNA has evolved to elude these containment systems. This intragenomic conflict has left many inactive versions of LINEs and other Transposable Elements (TEs) littering the human genome, which together account for roughly half of our DNA. Here, we survey the distinct mechanisms operating in the human genome that seem to reduce the mobility of L1s. In addition, we discuss recent findings that strongly suggest epigenetic mechanisms specifically regulate L1 activity in pluripotent human cells.
人类逆转录转座子长散在核元件1（LINE-1或L1）的持续活动继续以各种方式影响人类基因组。在整个进化过程中，哺乳动物和灵长类基因组一直在接受选择，以产生减少像L1这样的自私DNA活性的策略。同样，自私DNA也进化出逃避这些抑制系统的能力。这种基因组内的冲突使得许多无活性的LINEs和其他转座元件（TEs）散布在人类基因组中，它们总共约占我们DNA的一半。在这里，我们综述了人类基因组中似乎能降低L1移动性的不同机制。此外，我们还讨论了最近的研究发现，这些发现有力地表明表观遗传机制在多能人类细胞中特异性地调节L1活性。
