Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Dortmund, Germany.
Br J Nutr. 2011 Dec;106(11):1749-56. doi: 10.1017/S0007114511005502. Epub 2011 Oct 11.
Worldwide, the iodisation of salt has clearly improved iodine status. In industrialised countries, iodised salt added to processed food contributes most to iodine supply. Yet it is unclear as to what extent changes in the latter may affect the iodine status of populations. Between 2004 and 2009, 24-h urinary iodine excretions (UIE) were repeatedly measured in 278 German children (6 to 12 years old) of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study (n 707). Na excretion measurements and simultaneously collected 3-d weighed dietary records provided data on intakes of the most important dietary sources of iodine in the children's diet. Actual trends of UIE (2004-9) and contributions of relevant food groups were analysed by mixed linear regression models. Longitudinal regression analysis showed a plateau of UIE in 2004-6; afterwards, UIE significantly decreased till 2009 (P = 0·01; median 24-h UIE in 2004-6: 85·6 μg/d; 2009: 80·4 μg/d). Median urinary iodine concentration fell below the WHO criteria for iodine sufficiency of 100 μg/l in 2007-9. Salt, milk, fish and egg intake (g/d) were significant predictors of UIE (P < 0·005); and the main sources of iodine were salt and milk (48 and 38 %, respectively). The present data hint at a beginning deterioration in the iodine status of German schoolchildren. A decreased use of iodised salt in industrially produced foods may be one possible reason for this development. Because of the generally known risks for cognitive impairment due to even mild iodine deficits in children, a more widespread use of iodised salt, especially in industrially processed foods, has to be promoted.
在全球范围内，食盐碘化显然改善了碘营养状况。在工业化国家，添加到加工食品中的碘盐是碘供应的主要来源。然而，后者的变化在多大程度上会影响人群的碘营养状况还不清楚。2004 年至 2009 年，多特蒙德营养和人体测量纵向设计研究（n 707）对 278 名德国儿童（6 至 12 岁）进行了多次 24 小时尿液碘排泄量（UIE）测量。钠排泄测量和同时收集的 3 天称重饮食记录为儿童饮食中最重要的碘饮食来源的摄入量提供了数据。通过混合线性回归模型分析了 UIE 的实际趋势（2004-9）和相关食物组的贡献。纵向回归分析显示，2004-6 年 UIE 达到平台期；此后，2009 年 UIE 显著下降（P = 0·01；2004-6 年 24 小时 UIE 中位数：85·6 μg/d；2009 年：80·4 μg/d）。2007-9 年，尿碘中位数低于世界卫生组织碘充足标准 100μg/l。盐、牛奶、鱼和蛋摄入量（g/d）是 UIE 的显著预测因子（P < 0·005）；碘的主要来源是盐和牛奶（分别为 48%和 38%）。目前的数据暗示德国学龄儿童的碘营养状况开始恶化。工业生产食品中碘盐使用量减少可能是导致这一发展的一个原因。由于儿童即使轻度碘缺乏也会对认知功能造成已知的风险，因此必须更广泛地使用碘盐，尤其是在工业加工食品中。
