Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínic, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2012 Jan;30(1):24-32. doi: 10.1016/j.eimc.2011.07.017. Epub 2011 Oct 22.
Yersinia enterocolitica is a heterogeneous group of strains, which are classified into 6 biogroups, and into more than 57 O serogroups. However, the human pathogenic strains most frequently isolated worldwide belong to serogroups O:3, O:5,27, O:8 and O:9. The major route of Y. enterocolitica infection is through contaminated foods or water. The primary pathogenic event is colonization of the intestinal tract where most of the pathologic effects and clinical manifestations occur. Temperature and calcium concentration regulate expression of virulence factors that guide the invading yersiniae and allow them to survive and disseminate. Gastrointestinal infections are usually self-limiting and do not merit antimicrobial therapy. Nonetheless, fluoroquinolones or third generation cephalosporins, the best therapeutic options, are warranted to treat enterocolitis in compromised hosts and in patients with septicemia or invasive infection, in which the mortality can be as high as 50%. A review of the pathogenesis, virulence and antimicrobial resistance is carried out.
小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌是一个具有多种表型的菌株群，可分为 6 个生物型，超过 57 个 O 血清型。然而，目前全世界最常分离到的人致病菌株属于 O:3、O:5、27、O:8 和 O:9 血清型。小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的主要感染途径是通过污染的食物或水。主要的致病事件是肠道定植，大多数病理效应和临床表现均发生于此。温度和钙离子浓度调节毒力因子的表达，指导侵袭性耶尔森菌，并使它们能够存活和传播。胃肠道感染通常是自限性的，不需要抗菌治疗。然而，氟喹诺酮类或第三代头孢菌素类是治疗脆弱宿主的结肠炎和菌血症或侵袭性感染的最佳选择，此类感染的死亡率可高达 50%。本文对其发病机制、毒力和抗菌耐药性进行了综述。
