Laboratoire de Biotechnologies, Université de Nouakchott, Mauritania.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2011 Dec;105(12):727-33. doi: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2011.09.004. Epub 2011 Oct 21.
Although malaria has become a serious public health problem in Mauritania since the late 1990s, few documented data on its epidemiology exist. The objective of this study was to assess the morbidity of clinical malaria among children in Nouakchott. Three hundred and one febrile children, consulting at three health facilities of Nouakchott, were screened for malaria in 2009 (n=216) and 2010 (n=85). Plasmodium species identification and parasite density were determined by microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained thin and thick films and confirmed by rapid diagnostic test and nested PCR. Of 301 febrile children, 105 (34.9%) were malaria-positive by nested PCR and 87 (28.9%) by microscopy. Plasmodium vivax represented 97.1% (102/105) and P. falciparum accounted for 2.9% (3/105) of positive cases. All positive children under five years old were infected with P. vivax. The highest numbers of malaria positives were found during or shortly after the rainy season and the lowest during the dry season. Fifty-four of 105 (51.4%) malaria cases, all with P. vivax, had never travelled outside Nouakchott. Individuals belonging to the Moors ethnic group represented 97.0% of P. vivax cases. Results of the present study indicate that malaria is endemic in Nouakchott and that P. vivax is the principal causative agent. Regular surveillance is required to monitor malaria prevalence and incidence, and further measures are needed to counter the possible spread of malaria in the country.
尽管自 20 世纪 90 年代末以来，疟疾已成为毛里塔尼亚严重的公共卫生问题，但关于其流行病学的记录数据很少。本研究的目的是评估努瓦克肖特儿童临床疟疾的发病率。2009 年（n=216）和 2010 年（n=85），在努瓦克肖特的三个卫生机构共筛查了 311 名发热儿童，以筛查疟疾。通过对吉姆萨染色的薄血膜和厚血膜进行显微镜检查确定疟原虫种类和寄生虫密度，并通过快速诊断试验和巢式 PCR 进行确认。在 311 名发热儿童中，105 名（34.9%）经巢式 PCR 为阳性，87 名（28.9%）经显微镜检查为阳性。恶性疟原虫占 97.1%（102/105），间日疟原虫占 2.9%（3/105）。所有五岁以下的阳性儿童均感染间日疟原虫。在雨季期间或之后不久以及旱季期间，疟疾病例数量最高。105 例疟疾病例中有 54 例（51.4%）从未到过努瓦克肖特以外的地方。间日疟原虫病例中有 97.0%（53/54）属于摩尔人种族群体。本研究结果表明，疟疾在努瓦克肖特流行，间日疟原虫是主要病原体。需要进行定期监测以监测疟疾的流行率和发病率，并采取进一步措施应对疟疾在该国可能的传播。
