预测以日语为母语者达到类似英语母语者的表现。
Predicting Native English-Like Performance by Native Japanese Speakers.
作者信息
Ingvalson Erin M, McClelland James L, Holt Lori L
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA.
出版信息
J Phon. 2011 Oct;39(4):571-584. doi: 10.1016/j.wocn.2011.03.003.
Abstract
This study tested the predictions of the Speech Learning Model (SLM, Flege, 1988) on the case of native Japanese (NJ) speakers' perception and production of English /ɹ / and /l/. NJ speakers' degree of foreign accent, intelligibility of /ɹ -l/ productions, and ability to perceive natural speech /ɹ -l/ were assessed as a function of length of residency in North America, age of arrival in North America, years of student status in an English environment, and percentage of Japanese usage. Additionally, the extent to which NJ speakers' utilized the F3 onset cue when differentiating /ɹ -l/ in perception and production was assessed, this cue having previously been shown to be the most reliable indicator of category membership. As predicted, longer residencies predicted more native English-like accents, more intelligible productions, and more accurate natural speech identifications; however, no changes were observed in F3 reliance, indicating that though performance improves it does so through reliance on other cues.
摘要
本研究针对以日语为母语者（NJ）对英语/ɹ /和/l/的感知与产出情况，检验了语音学习模型（SLM，Flege，1988）的预测。以在北美的居住时长、抵达北美的年龄、在英语环境中的学生身份年限以及日语使用比例为函数，评估了NJ的外国口音程度、/ɹ -l/发音的可懂度以及感知自然语音/ɹ -l/的能力。此外，还评估了NJ在感知和产出中区分/ɹ -l/时利用F3起始线索的程度，此前已表明该线索是类别归属的最可靠指标。正如预测的那样，居住时间越长，口音越接近以英语为母语者，发音越易懂，对自然语音的识别越准确；然而，对F3的依赖没有变化，这表明尽管表现有所改善，但这是通过依赖其他线索实现的。
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