Ballet F
INSERM U. 181, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.
Pharmacol Ther. 1990;47(2):281-328. doi: 10.1016/0163-7258(90)90091-f.
In recent years, knowledge of the physiology and pharmacology of hepatic circulation has grown rapidly. Liver microcirculation has a unique design that allows very efficient exchange processes between plasma and liver cells, even when severe constraints are imposed upon the system, i.e. in stressful situations. Furthermore, it has been recognized recently that sinusoids and their associated cells can no longer be considered only as passive structures ensuring the dispersion of molecules in the liver, but represent a very sophisticated network that protects and regulates parenchymal cells through a variety of mediators. Finally, vascular abnormalities are a prominent feature of a number of liver pathological processes, including cirrhosis and liver cell necrosis whether induced by alcohol, ischemia, endotoxins, virus or chemicals. Although it is not clear whether vascular lesions can be the primary events that lead to hepatocyte injury, the main interest of these findings is that liver microcirculation could represent a potential target for drug action in these conditions.
近年来，肝脏循环的生理学和药理学知识迅速增长。肝脏微循环具有独特的结构，即使在系统受到严重限制时，即在应激情况下，也能使血浆和肝细胞之间进行非常高效的交换过程。此外，最近人们认识到，肝血窦及其相关细胞不能再仅仅被视为确保分子在肝脏中扩散的被动结构，而是代表了一个非常复杂的网络，它通过多种介质保护和调节实质细胞。最后，血管异常是许多肝脏病理过程的突出特征，包括肝硬化和肝细胞坏死，无论其由酒精、缺血、内毒素、病毒还是化学物质引起。虽然尚不清楚血管病变是否可能是导致肝细胞损伤的主要事件，但这些发现的主要意义在于，在这些情况下，肝脏微循环可能是药物作用的潜在靶点。
