Cole R J, Loving R T, Kripke D F
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego.
Occup Med. 1990 Apr-Jun;5(2):301-14.
There is little rigorous evidence that shiftwork produces specific psychiatric disturbances. Substantial evidence suggests that shiftworkers are prone to increased drug and alcohol consumption, but the frequency with which this leads to actual drug abuse disorders has never been adequately defined. A preponderance of studies suggests that symptoms of a "neurotic" character are overrepresented among nightshift workers. The nature of these symptoms needs to be clarified with modern psychiatric nomenclature. It seems likely, based on certain experimental work, that nightshift work may at times exacerbate mood disorders, leading to an impression of "neurotic" disturbance. At the same time, some conditions of shiftwork might actually palliate mood disorders. Therefore, a reexamination of these issues is needed with improved research designs and more careful characterization of the nature of workers' complaints, their psychiatric histories (i.e., personal and family histories of mood disorders and other psychopathology), and possible specific effects of particular shiftwork rotation schedules. Use of bright light to alleviate mood disturbances associated with shiftwork needs extensive empirical testing.
几乎没有确凿证据表明轮班工作会导致特定的精神障碍。大量证据表明，轮班工作者更容易增加药物和酒精的摄入量，但这种情况导致实际药物滥用障碍的频率从未得到充分界定。大量研究表明，“神经质”特征的症状在夜班工作者中更为常见。这些症状的性质需要用现代精神病学术语来阐明。基于某些实验工作，夜班工作有时可能会加剧情绪障碍，从而导致“神经质”障碍的印象。与此同时，一些轮班工作条件实际上可能会缓解情绪障碍。因此，需要通过改进研究设计以及更仔细地描述工作者投诉的性质、他们的精神病史（即情绪障碍和其他精神病理学的个人和家族病史）以及特定轮班轮换时间表可能产生的具体影响，来重新审视这些问题。使用强光来缓解与轮班工作相关的情绪障碍需要进行广泛的实证测试。
