Shiftwork: effects on sleep and health with recommendations for medical surveillance and screening.

This article reviews diseases that are aggravated by shiftwork (gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disorders), the potential of shiftwork to adversely affect pregnancy, shift maladaptation syndrome, and the ability of shiftwork to exacerbate existing disorders and interfere with pharmacological treatments. It offers guidelines for pre-employment screening and medical surveillance of shiftworkers.