University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Nov 1;58(19):1933-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.07.035.
Significant advances in 3-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) technology have ushered its use into clinical practice. The recent advent of real-time 3DE using matrix array transthoracic and transesophageal transducers has resulted in improved image spatial resolution, and therefore, enhanced visualization of the pathomorphological features of the cardiac valves compared with previously used sparse array transducers. It has enabled an unparalleled real-time visualization of valves and subvalvular anatomic features from a single volume acquisition without the need for offline reconstruction. On-cart or offline post-processing using commercially available and custom 3-dimensional analysis software allows the quantification of multiple parameters, such as orifice area, prolapse height and volume in mitral valve disease, area of the left ventricular outflow tract, and tricuspid annular geometry. In this review, we discuss the incremental role of 3DE in evaluating valvular anatomic features, volumetric quantification, pre-surgical planning, intraprocedural guidance, and post-procedural assessment of valvular heart disease.
三维超声心动图（3DE）技术的重大进展使其在临床实践中得到应用。最近，使用矩阵阵列经胸和经食管换能器的实时 3DE 的出现，提高了图像空间分辨率，从而增强了心脏瓣膜的病理形态特征的可视化，与以前使用的稀疏阵列换能器相比。它能够从单个容积采集进行无与伦比的实时可视化瓣膜和瓣下解剖特征，而无需离线重建。使用商业上可用的和定制的 3 维分析软件进行板载或离线后处理，允许对多个参数进行定量，如二尖瓣病变中的瓣口面积、脱垂高度和容积、左心室流出道面积和三尖瓣环几何形状。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 3DE 在评估瓣膜解剖特征、容积定量、术前规划、术中指导和瓣膜性心脏病的术后评估中的增量作用。
