Barak Y, Szor H
Author affiliations: The Psychogeriatric Department, Abarbanel Mental Health Center, Bat Yam; and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2000 Mar;2(1):57-62. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2000.2.1/ybarak.
Despite the fact that 50 years have passed since the Nazi regime and the Holocaust the psychic sequelae are far from being overcome. The majority of Holocaust survivors and World War II veterans still list their experiences as the "most significant stressors" of their lives. The literature provides ample evidence that posttraumatic stress disorder among survivors persists into old age. However, there is still a need to define the differences in frequency, clinical presentation, severity, and comorbid conditions among aging Holocaust survivors. Age at the time of trauma, cumulative lifetime stress, and physical illness are reported to have a positive association with more severe posttraumatic symptomatology. The presence of comorbid Axis i psychiatric disorders (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual [DSIVI]), has been the focus of research by our group, demonstrating that their interaction with earlier trauma leads to a course of chronic, debilitating disease. Despite reactivation of traumatic symptoms during aging and continuous mental suffering, the majority of Holocaust survivors show good instrumental coping and preserved functioning.
尽管纳粹政权和大屠杀已经过去50年了，但精神创伤后遗症远未消除。大多数大屠杀幸存者和二战退伍军人仍将他们的经历列为生活中“最重大的压力源”。文献提供了充分的证据表明，幸存者中的创伤后应激障碍会持续到老年。然而，仍有必要界定老年大屠杀幸存者在频率、临床表现、严重程度和共病情况方面的差异。据报道，创伤发生时的年龄、累积一生的压力和身体疾病与更严重的创伤后症状呈正相关。共病的轴I精神障碍（《诊断与统计手册》[DSIVI]）一直是我们研究小组的研究重点，表明它们与早期创伤的相互作用会导致慢性、使人衰弱的疾病病程。尽管在衰老过程中创伤症状会再次出现且持续遭受精神痛苦，但大多数大屠杀幸存者表现出良好的工具性应对能力且功能保持完好。
