Levine Saul
Children's Hospital, San Diego; University of California, San Diego, Calif, USA.
Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2003 Sep;5(3):273-80. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2003.5.3/slevine.
It has been conventional wisdom that early deprivation and trauma can lead unequivocally to later adult debilitation and disorder. That this is not in fact the case has become abundantly clear via a variety of recent new research. While early adversity can be a severe impediment, there is a myriad of accounts of people who have been born into lives of abject destitution, yet have grown into stable, productive, and generative adults. There are certainly personal and social factors that increase the risks of frailty and failing. By the same token, these same risk factors can contribute to the enhancement of one's life, and increase the chances of resilience and of leading fulfilling lives. There is now evidence that society has the knovi/ledge to implement prevention and early intervention programs that foster and enhance personal development; the question is, does it have the will and commitment to do so?
传统观念认为，早期的剥夺和创伤会明确导致成年后的衰弱和紊乱。然而，通过最近的各种新研究，事实并非如此已变得非常明显。虽然早期逆境可能是一个严重障碍，但有无数例子表明，一些人出生在赤贫的生活中，却成长为稳定、有成就且有创造力的成年人。当然，个人和社会因素会增加脆弱和失败的风险。同样，这些相同的风险因素也可以促进一个人的生活，并增加恢复力和过上充实生活的机会。现在有证据表明，社会有知识来实施促进和加强个人发展的预防和早期干预计划；问题是，社会有这样做的意愿和决心吗？
