Klar R, Bayer U
Abteilung Medizinische Informatik, Albert Ludwigs Universität, Freiburg, F.R.G.
Int J Biomed Comput. 1990 Jul;26(1-2):7-27. doi: 10.1016/0020-7101(90)90016-n.
Induced mainly by the increased spreading of personal computers in the last few years computer-assisted instruction (CAI) systems for medicine have been developed on a large scale. Proven structure principles are above all the simulation of patient management in a problem-orientated approach, the mathematical simulation of (patho-) physiological functions independent of particular patients and the separation of educational mode and scoring mode. There exists already a large choice in programs dealing with topics of internal medicine--especially cardiology--while operative disciplines are less represented so far. Programs accredited in the US for continuing medical education (CME) are usually of high quality as to medical contents. Other important quality criteria to be mentioned concerning simulation programs are algorithms of medical decision making, completeness and refinement of the medical knowledge base, software design and user interface. CAI is a unique tool to enhance clinical problem solving skills although--of course--it can by no means replace bedside teaching.
主要由于过去几年个人电脑的广泛普及，医学领域的计算机辅助教学（CAI）系统得到了大规模发展。已被证实的结构原则首先是以问题为导向的方法模拟患者管理、独立于特定患者的（病理）生理功能的数学模拟以及教育模式和评分模式的分离。目前在处理内科主题——尤其是心脏病学——的程序方面已有大量选择，而手术学科目前的代表性较低。在美国被认可用于继续医学教育（CME）的程序，其医学内容通常质量较高。关于模拟程序还需提及的其他重要质量标准包括医学决策算法、医学知识库的完整性和完善性、软件设计和用户界面。CAI是提高临床问题解决能力的独特工具，尽管——当然——它绝不能取代床边教学。
