Department of Psychiatry, Developmental and Lifecourse Research Group, University of Cambridge, Douglas House, 18b Trumpington Road, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2012 Aug;47(8):1333-41. doi: 10.1007/s00127-011-0441-1. Epub 2011 Oct 30.
Both epidemiological (unselected) and high risk (screening on known risk criteria) samplings have been used to investigate the course of affective disorders. Selecting individuals on multiple risk criteria may create a sample not comparable to individuals with similar risk criteria within the general population. This study compared depressive symptoms across the two sampling methods to test this possibility.
The high risk Cambridge Hormones and Moods Project (CHAMP) screened and recruited adolescents aged 12 to 16. A total of 905 (710 high risk) individuals participated and were reassessed at three follow-ups. The ROOTS epidemiological sample consisted of 1,208 14-year-olds reassessed at 15.5 and 17 years. The risk profile for CHAMP was recreated in the ROOTS study. Both samples completed the Moods and Feelings Questionnaire, a self-report measure of current depressive symptoms.
Comparing individuals with the same high risk profiles across the CHAMP and ROOTS studies revealed no significant differences in mean depression scores. Combining the samples revealed that for females, mean depression scores were maintained from 12 to 15 years then declined by 17 years. For males, scores declined from 12 throughout adolescence. High risk status led to consistently higher levels of depressive symptoms in female adolescents but result in little change within male adolescents.
The high risk design recruited adolescents with a depression symptoms profile comparable to the general population for both sexes. High risk status may alter the trajectory of depressive symptoms in female adolescents only. Males may be less sensitive to recent adversity.
流行病学（非选择性）和高危（基于已知风险标准进行筛查）抽样都被用于研究情感障碍的病程。在多个风险标准上选择个体可能会创建一个与普通人群中具有相似风险标准的个体无法比较的样本。本研究比较了两种抽样方法的抑郁症状，以检验这种可能性。
高危剑桥激素与情绪项目（CHAMP）对 12 至 16 岁的青少年进行筛查和招募。共有 905 名（710 名高危）个体参与，并在三次随访中进行了重新评估。ROOTS 流行病学样本由 1208 名 14 岁个体组成，在 15.5 岁和 17 岁时进行了重新评估。CHAMP 的风险概况在 ROOTS 研究中得以重现。两个样本都完成了情绪和感受问卷，这是一种评估当前抑郁症状的自我报告测量工具。
比较 CHAMP 和 ROOTS 研究中具有相同高危特征的个体，发现其平均抑郁评分没有显著差异。将两个样本合并后发现，对于女性，抑郁评分从 12 岁到 15 岁保持不变，然后在 17 岁时下降。对于男性，评分从 12 岁整个青春期都在下降。高危状态导致女性青少年的抑郁症状水平持续升高，但在男性青少年中几乎没有变化。
高危设计招募了具有与两性普通人群相似的抑郁症状特征的青少年。高危状态可能仅改变女性青少年的抑郁症状轨迹。男性可能对近期逆境的敏感性较低。
