Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
BMC Psychiatry. 2013 Oct 8;13:250. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-13-250.
A ruminative style of responding to low mood is associated with subsequent high depressive symptoms and depressive disorder in children, adolescents and adults. Scores on self-report rumination scales correlate strongly with scores on anxiety and depression symptom scales. This may confound any associations between rumination and subsequent depression.
Our sample comprised 658 healthy adolescents at elevated risk for psychopathology. This study applied ordinal item (non-linear) factor analysis to pooled items from three self-report questionnaires to explore whether there were separate, but correlated, constructs of rumination, depression and anxiety. It then tested whether rumination independently predicted depressive disorder and depressive symptoms over the subsequent 12 months, after adjusting for confounding variables.
We identified a single rumination factor, which was correlated with factors representing cognitive symptoms of depression, somatic symptoms of depression and anxiety symptoms; and one factor representing adaptive responses to low mood. Elevated rumination scores predicted onset of depressive disorders over the subsequent year (p = 0.035), and levels of depressive symptoms 12 months later (p < 0.0005), after adjustment for prior levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms.
High rumination predicts onset of depressive disorder in healthy adolescents. Therapy that reduces rumination and increases distraction/problem-solving may reduce onset and relapse rates of depression.
对低情绪的沉思反应方式与儿童、青少年和成年人随后的高抑郁症状和抑郁障碍有关。自我报告的沉思量表的分数与焦虑和抑郁症状量表的分数密切相关。这可能会混淆沉思与随后抑郁之间的任何关联。
我们的样本包括 658 名处于精神病理学高发风险的健康青少年。本研究对来自三个自我报告问卷的汇总项目应用有序项目（非线性）因子分析，以探索沉思、抑郁和焦虑是否存在单独但相关的结构。然后，在调整混杂变量后，测试沉思是否独立预测随后 12 个月内的抑郁障碍和抑郁症状。
我们确定了一个单一的沉思因子，该因子与代表抑郁的认知症状、抑郁的躯体症状和焦虑症状的因子相关；以及一个代表对低情绪的适应性反应的因子。沉思分数升高预示着随后一年内出现抑郁障碍（p = 0.035），以及 12 个月后抑郁症状的水平（p < 0.0005），调整了先前的抑郁和焦虑症状水平。
高沉思预测健康青少年抑郁障碍的发作。减少沉思和增加分心/解决问题的治疗方法可能会降低抑郁的发作和复发率。
