Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230-1439, USA.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012 Apr;20(2):139-50. doi: 10.1037/a0026109. Epub 2011 Oct 31.
Much effort has been devoted to examining the differences in postcessation affective experience between smoking abstainers and relapsers. However, little attention has been given to the affective changes of smokers who, despite their motivation to quit, fail to achieve even a brief period of abstinence. Using affect-modulated startle response and self-report questionnaires, we measured the postcessation affective changes of 115 smokers (60 men, 55 women) who participated in a laboratory investigation of affective reactivity during smoking cessation. Among our participants, 34 were abstainers (16 men, 18 women), 16 were never-quitters (8 men, 8 women), 19 were relapsers (8 men, 11 women), and 46 were controls (28 men, 18 women). We found a significant Stimulus Valence × Session × Group interaction effect on startle responses, which suggested that while abstainers, relapsers, and control exhibited the prototypical affect-modulated startle response across postcessation sessions, never-quitters displayed an atypical response pattern in which emotional pictures no longer modulated the startle response. Never-quitters also reported increasingly higher negative and lower positive affect across postcessation sessions. Using affect-modulated startle response and self-report questionnaires, this study found a significant difference in the affective reactivity between smokers who could and smokers who could not establish an initial abstinence of 24 hours.
人们投入了大量精力来研究戒烟者和复吸者在戒烟后情感体验的差异。然而，对于那些尽管有戒烟的动机但甚至无法实现短暂戒烟的吸烟者，他们的情感变化却很少受到关注。本研究使用情绪调节的 startle 反应和自我报告问卷，测量了 115 名吸烟者（60 名男性，55 名女性）在戒烟期间情绪反应的戒烟后情感变化。在我们的参与者中，34 名是戒烟者（16 名男性，18 名女性），16 名是从不戒烟者（8 名男性，8 名女性），19 名是复吸者（8 名男性，11 名女性），46 名是对照组（28 名男性，18 名女性）。我们在 startle 反应上发现了一个显著的刺激效价×疗程×组别交互作用效应，这表明尽管戒烟者、复吸者和对照组在整个戒烟疗程中表现出了典型的情绪调节 startle 反应，但从不戒烟者表现出了一种非典型的反应模式，即情绪图片不再调节 startle 反应。从不戒烟者在戒烟后还报告了越来越高的负面情绪和越来越低的正面情绪。本研究使用情绪调节的 startle 反应和自我报告问卷，发现能够和不能够建立初始 24 小时戒烟的吸烟者之间在情绪反应上存在显著差异。
