Stettler Nicolas
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program. 2011;68:215-21; discussion 222-5. doi: 10.1159/000325884. Epub 2011 Oct 3.
The main aspects of infant feeding that have been studied in humans in association with the subsequent development of adipose tissue include breastfeeding, rapid infancy weight gain, and weaning practices. While observational studies have consistently shown a protective effect of breastfeeding on the development of obesity, these studies may be confounded by unmeasured or unknown factors, as suggested by one study using a sibling design and one study using a randomized breastfeeding promotion intervention design. Observational studies and findings from a limited number of experimental studies suggest that rapid weight gain during infancy may be associated with an increased risk for obesity in childhood and adulthood. The association of weaning practices with later obesity has not been extensively studied, and the preliminary findings are inconsistent. Additional research studies, especially randomized interventions with long-term follow-up, are necessary in order to assess if short nutrition interventions during the critical period of infancy can have long-term benefits on the prevention of obesity.
在人类研究中，与随后脂肪组织发育相关的婴儿喂养主要方面包括母乳喂养、婴儿期快速体重增加和断奶方式。虽然观察性研究一直表明母乳喂养对肥胖发展具有保护作用，但正如一项采用同胞设计的研究和一项采用随机母乳喂养促进干预设计的研究所表明的那样，这些研究可能会受到未测量或未知因素的混淆。观察性研究以及少数实验性研究的结果表明，婴儿期快速体重增加可能与儿童期和成年期肥胖风险增加有关。断奶方式与后期肥胖的关联尚未得到广泛研究，初步结果也不一致。有必要进行更多的研究，特别是进行长期随访的随机干预研究，以评估婴儿期关键时期的短期营养干预是否能对预防肥胖产生长期益处。
