Mosser David M, Zhang Xia
University of Maryland and The Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, College Park, Maryland, USA.
Curr Protoc Immunol. 2011 Nov;Chapter 14:Unit 14.27. doi: 10.1002/0471142735.im1427s95.
Phagocytosis is a cellular process that plays crucial roles in the removal of dead or dying cells, tissue remodeling, and host defense against invading pathogens. Most eukaryotic cells are decorated with glycoproteins containing terminal sialic acids, whose negative charges tend to repel cells, making so-called "nonspecific" phagocytosis a relatively inefficient process. Professional phagocytes are so designated because they express two major classes of receptors on their surfaces that are primarily involved in phagocytosis. Paradoxically, these receptors do not recognize microbes directly, but rather endogenous proteins that become tethered to microbes and target them for destruction. These are the Fcγ receptors that bind to the Fc portion of IgG and the complement receptors (CRs), which bind primarily to cleavage products of the third component of complement, C3. This unit describes assays that are used to measure these two types of macrophage phagocytosis.
吞噬作用是一种细胞过程，在清除死亡或濒死细胞、组织重塑以及宿主抵御入侵病原体方面发挥着关键作用。大多数真核细胞都装饰有含有末端唾液酸的糖蛋白，其负电荷往往会排斥细胞，使得所谓的“非特异性”吞噬作用成为一个相对低效的过程。专职吞噬细胞之所以如此命名，是因为它们在表面表达两大类主要受体，这些受体主要参与吞噬作用。矛盾的是，这些受体并不直接识别微生物，而是识别与微生物结合并将其靶向破坏的内源性蛋白质。这些受体是与IgG的Fc部分结合的Fcγ受体和主要与补体第三成分C3的裂解产物结合的补体受体（CRs）。本单元描述了用于测量这两种巨噬细胞吞噬作用的检测方法。
