Piccardi L, Risetti M, Nori R
Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Facoltà di Psicologia, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila.
Psychol Rep. 2011 Aug;109(1):309-26. doi: 10.2466/01.13.17.PR0.109.4.309-326.
"Sense of direction" is usually assessed by self-report. Several internal factors contribute to proficiency in navigation: spatial cognitive style, respondent's sex, and familiarity with the environment; however, questionnaires assessing sense of direction do not include all these factors. In a recent study, Nori and Piccardi reported that environmental familiarity was crucial for topographical orientation. Regardless of a person's spatial cognitive style (i.e., landmark, route, or survey), the greater their familiarity with the environment, the better their performance. In this study, a questionnaire was used, the Familiarity and Spatial Cognitive Style Scale, to measure 208 women's sense of direction and knowledge of their city of residence. Analysis showed that Spatial Cognitive Style predicted sense of direction but not town knowledge. By contrast, familiarity played a crucial role in both areas, confirming the importance of having a tool to assess this factor.
“方向感”通常通过自我报告来评估。有几个内部因素有助于提高导航能力：空间认知风格、受访者的性别以及对环境的熟悉程度；然而，评估方向感的问卷并未涵盖所有这些因素。在最近的一项研究中，诺里和皮卡迪报告称，环境熟悉程度对于地形定向至关重要。无论一个人的空间认知风格如何（即地标型、路线型或俯瞰型），他们对环境越熟悉，表现就越好。在这项研究中，使用了一份问卷，即“熟悉度和空间认知风格量表”，来测量208名女性的方向感以及她们对居住城市的了解程度。分析表明，空间认知风格可以预测方向感，但不能预测对城镇的了解程度。相比之下，熟悉度在这两个方面都起着关键作用，这证实了拥有一种评估该因素的工具的重要性。
