Jafarpour Anna, Spiers Hugo
Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Psychology Department, University of California, Berkeley, California.
Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom.
Hippocampus. 2017 Jan;27(1):12-16. doi: 10.1002/hipo.22672. Epub 2016 Nov 2.
When humans draw maps, or make judgments about travel-time, their responses are rarely accurate and are often systematically distorted. Distortion effects on estimating time to arrival and the scale of sketch-maps reveal the nature of mental representation of time and space. Inspired by data from rodent entorhinal grid cells, we predicted that familiarity to an environment would distort representations of the space by expanding the size of it. We also hypothesized that travel-time estimation would be distorted in the same direction as space-size, if time and space rely on the same cognitive map. We asked international students, who had lived at a college in London for 9 months, to sketch a south-up map of their college district, estimate travel-time to destinations within the area, and mark their everyday walking routes. We found that while estimates for sketched space were expanded with familiarity, estimates of the time to travel through the space were contracted with familiarity. Thus, we found dissociable responses to familiarity in representations of time and space. © 2016 The Authors Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
当人类绘制地图或对旅行时间做出判断时，他们的反应很少准确，而且常常会出现系统性的偏差。在估计到达时间和草图地图比例方面的偏差效应揭示了时间和空间心理表征的本质。受啮齿动物内嗅皮层网格细胞数据的启发，我们预测，对环境的熟悉程度会通过扩大环境的大小来扭曲空间表征。我们还假设，如果时间和空间依赖于相同的认知地图，那么旅行时间估计也会朝着与空间大小相同的方向扭曲。我们让在伦敦一所大学生活了9个月的国际学生绘制一幅学院区域的上南下北地图，估计前往该区域内目的地的旅行时间，并标记出他们日常的步行路线。我们发现，虽然随着熟悉程度的增加，对草图空间的估计会扩大，但穿越该空间所需时间的估计却会随着熟悉程度的增加而缩短。因此，我们发现时间和空间表征对熟悉程度的反应是可分离的。© 2016作者海马体由威利期刊公司出版。
