Research Institute on Addictions, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2011 Nov;72(6):926-32. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2011.72.926.
We examined the role of anger, hostility, and aggression, in addition to depression and stress, in predicting persistent smoking during pregnancy in a low-income sample.
The sample consisted of 270 pregnant women (189 smokers, 81 nonsmokers) recruited into a prospective study of prenatal cigarette exposure in the first trimester. Persistent pregnancy smoking was defined as self-reporting daily smoking in at least two trimesters, a positive salivary cotinine level in at least two trimesters, or infant meconium positive for nicotine and/ or its metabolites.
Persistent smokers reported higher prenatal stress and negative affect symptoms (depression, anger, hostility, aggression) than nonpersistent smokers or nonsmokers. However, in the context of model testing, maternal anger, hostility, and aggression each accounted for unique variance in persistent smoking, whereas symptoms of depression and stress did not.
To date, interventions for pregnant low-income smokers have been largely ineffective. The current results suggest that anger management interventions may be particularly effective for low-income persistent pregnant smokers and may be more likely to prevent relapse than depression-focused interventions.
除了抑郁和压力外，我们还研究了愤怒、敌意和攻击性在预测低收入样本孕妇持续吸烟中的作用。
该样本包括 270 名孕妇（189 名吸烟者，81 名不吸烟者），他们被纳入一项关于孕早期产前香烟暴露的前瞻性研究。持续妊娠吸烟的定义是自我报告在至少两个孕期中每天吸烟，至少两个孕期的唾液可替宁水平呈阳性，或婴儿胎便中尼古丁和/或其代谢物呈阳性。
持续吸烟者报告的产前压力和负性情绪症状（抑郁、愤怒、敌意、攻击性）高于非持续吸烟者或不吸烟者。然而，在模型测试的背景下，母亲的愤怒、敌意和攻击性都对持续吸烟有独特的影响，而抑郁和压力的症状则没有。
迄今为止，针对低收入孕妇吸烟者的干预措施基本上没有效果。目前的结果表明，愤怒管理干预措施可能对低收入的持续吸烟孕妇特别有效，并且可能比以抑郁为重点的干预措施更有可能预防复发。
