University of Calgary, Faculty of Medicine, HRIC 4AC60, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2011 Sep;29(3):201-8.
Human rhinoviruses are not only the main pathogens responsible for the common cold, but are now recognized to have a major impact on asthma pathogenesis. There is evidence that rhinovirus infections play a role in asthma development, asthma exacerbations and, potentially, airway remodeling. Children who experience repeated rhinovirus-induced wheezing episodes in infancy have a significantly increased risk of developing asthma, even when compared to children who experience wheezing induced by respiratory syncytial virus. Rhinovirus is also the dominant virus type associated with acute exacerbations of asthma. The epithelial cell is the principal site of rhinovirus infection in both the upper and lower airways and there is strong evidence that virus-induced alterations of epithelial cell biology play a critical role in regulating clinical outcomes. This includes rhinovirus-induced epithelial generation of a variety of chemokines, cytokines and growth factors that likely play a role in viral modulation of airway inflammation. It has also become clear, however, that epithelial cells play an important role in the innate antiviral response to rhinovirus infection, raising the possibility that the relative induction of epithelial host innate antiviral responses versus proinflammatory responses may be one factor regulating the susceptibility of asthmatic subjects to virus-induced disease exacerbations. Recent evidence has also highlighted that rhinovirus infection induces epithelial production of a number of growth factors and other mediators that could contribute to the development and progression of airway remodeling processes in asthma. The current article reviews our current state of knowledge in these areas.
人类鼻病毒不仅是引起普通感冒的主要病原体，而且现在已被认为对哮喘发病机制有重大影响。有证据表明，鼻病毒感染在哮喘发展、哮喘恶化以及潜在的气道重塑中发挥作用。在婴儿期反复发生鼻病毒诱导喘息发作的儿童中，发展为哮喘的风险显著增加，即使与因呼吸道合胞病毒引起喘息的儿童相比也是如此。鼻病毒也是与哮喘急性加重相关的主要病毒类型。呼吸道上皮细胞是上、下呼吸道中鼻病毒感染的主要部位，有强有力的证据表明，病毒诱导的上皮细胞生物学改变在调节临床结果方面起着关键作用。这包括鼻病毒诱导上皮细胞产生多种趋化因子、细胞因子和生长因子，这些因子可能在病毒调节气道炎症中发挥作用。然而，上皮细胞在鼻病毒感染的固有抗病毒反应中也起着重要作用，这增加了上皮细胞固有抗病毒反应相对于促炎反应的相对诱导可能是调节哮喘患者对病毒诱导疾病加重易感性的一个因素的可能性。最近的证据还强调，鼻病毒感染诱导上皮细胞产生许多生长因子和其他介质，这些因子可能有助于哮喘中气道重塑过程的发展和进展。本文综述了这些方面的最新知识。
