Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany.
Gerontology. 2012;58(3):197-204. doi: 10.1159/000332207. Epub 2011 Nov 3.
It has been unclear which training mode is most effective and feasible for improving physical performance in the risk group of prefrail community-dwelling older adults.
The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of strength training (ST) versus power training (PT) on functional performance in prefrail older adults. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00783159.
69 community-dwelling older adults (>65 years) who were prefrail according to the definition of Fried were included in a 12-week exercise program. The participants were randomized into an ST group, a PT group and a control group. All participants were supplemented with vitamin D(3) orally before entering the intervention period. The primary outcome was the global score on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Secondary outcomes were muscle power, appendicular lean mass (aLM) measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and self-reported functional deficits (Short Form of the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument, SF-LLFDI).
Regarding changes in the SPPB score during the intervention, significant heterogeneity between the groups was observed (p = 0.023). In pair-wise comparisons, participants in both training groups significantly (PT: p = 0.012, ST: 0.009) increased their SPPB score (PT: Δ(mean) = 0.8, ST: Δ(mean) = 1.0) compared to the control group, with no statistical difference among training groups (p = 0.301). No statistical differences were found in changes in aLM (p = 0.769), muscle power (p = 0.308) and SF-LLFDI (p = 0.623) between the groups. Muscle power significantly increased (p = 0.017) under vitamin D(3) intake.
In prefrail community-dwelling adults, PT is not superior to ST, although both training modes resulted in significant improvements in physical performance. With regard to dropout rates, ST appears to be advantageous compared to PT. The high prevalence of vitamin D(3) deficiency and the slight improvement of physical performance under vitamin D(3) supplementation among study participants underline the relevance of this approach in physical exercise interventions.
对于改善虚弱前期社区老年人的身体机能，哪种训练模式最有效和可行尚不清楚。
本研究旨在比较力量训练（ST）与功率训练（PT）对虚弱前期老年人功能性表现的影响。本研究在 clinicaltrials.gov 注册，编号为 NCT00783159。
69 名根据 Fried 定义为虚弱前期的社区居住老年人（>65 岁）纳入一项为期 12 周的运动计划。参与者被随机分为 ST 组、PT 组和对照组。所有参与者在进入干预期前均口服补充维生素 D3。主要结局指标是短体适能表现测试（SPPB）的总体评分。次要结局指标为肌肉力量、双能 X 线吸收法测量的四肢瘦体重（aLM）和自我报告的功能缺陷（老年生活功能和残疾量表简短版，SF-LLFDI）。
干预期间 SPPB 评分的变化显示组间存在显著异质性（p = 0.023）。在两两比较中，两组训练组的 SPPB 评分均显著增加（PT：p = 0.012，ST：0.009）（PT：Δ（均值）= 0.8，ST：Δ（均值）= 1.0），与对照组相比，而训练组之间无统计学差异（p = 0.301）。各组间 aLM（p = 0.769）、肌肉力量（p = 0.308）和 SF-LLFDI（p = 0.623）的变化均无统计学差异。肌肉力量在维生素 D3 摄入后显著增加（p = 0.017）。
在虚弱前期社区居住的成年人中，PT 并不优于 ST，尽管两种训练模式都显著提高了身体机能。就辍学率而言，ST 似乎优于 PT。研究参与者中维生素 D3 缺乏的高患病率和维生素 D3 补充下身体机能的轻微改善突出了这种方法在体育锻炼干预中的相关性。
