El Hadouchi Mohamed, Kiers Henri, de Vries Ralph, Veenhof Cindy, van Dieën Jaap
Institute for Human Movement Studies, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 7, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Eur Rev Aging Phys Act. 2022 Aug 11;19(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s11556-022-00297-x.
Research suggests that muscle power is a more critical determinant of physical functioning in older adults than muscle strength. The objective of this study was to systematically review the literature on the effect of power training compared to strength training in older adults on tests for muscle power, two groups of activity-based tests under controlled conditions: generic tests and tests with an emphasis on movement speed, and finally, physical activity level in daily life.
A systematic search for randomized controlled trials comparing effects of power training to strength training in older adults was performed in PubMed, Embase, Ebsco/CINAHL, Ebsco/SPORTDiscus, Wiley/Cochrane Library and Scopus. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Tool, and quality of evidence was evaluated using GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool. Standardized mean differenences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for outcomes separately using a random effects model.
Fifteen trials and 583 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Results indicated a statistically significant benefit of power training on all reported outcomes (muscle power SMD: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.54 to 1.44, p < 0.001; generic activity-based tests SMD: 0.37, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.68; p = 0.02, activity-based tests emphasizing movement speed SMD: 0.43, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.62, p < 0.001). None of the included studies used physical activity level in daily life as outcome.
Power training offers more potential for improving muscle power and performance on activity tests in older adults compared to strength training. Future research should assess exercise parameters for power training in older adults. In addition, the validity and reliability of the tests used must be evaluated to establish a standardized test protocol. This protocol should also include measurements of physical activity in daily life.
研究表明，对于老年人而言，肌肉力量相较于肌肉功率，对身体机能的决定作用更为关键。本研究的目的是系统回顾关于老年人进行功率训练与力量训练相比，在肌肉功率测试、两组在受控条件下基于活动的测试（一般测试和强调运动速度的测试）以及日常生活身体活动水平方面的效果的文献。
在PubMed、Embase、Ebsco/CINAHL、Ebsco/SPORTDiscus、Wiley/Cochrane Library和Scopus中对比较老年人功率训练与力量训练效果的随机对照试验进行系统检索。使用Cochrane协作工具评估偏倚风险，并使用GRADEpro指南制定工具评估证据质量。使用随机效应模型分别计算各结局的标准化均数差值（SMD）和95%置信区间（CI）。
15项试验和583名参与者纳入荟萃分析。结果表明，功率训练在所有报告的结局上均有统计学显著益处（肌肉功率SMD：0.99，95%CI：0.54至1.44，p<0.001；基于活动的一般测试SMD：0.37，95%CI：0.06至0.68；p = 0.02，强调运动速度的基于活动的测试SMD：0.43，95%CI：0.23至0.62，p<0.001）。纳入的研究均未将日常生活身体活动水平作为结局。
与力量训练相比，功率训练在改善老年人肌肉功率和活动测试表现方面具有更大潜力。未来研究应评估老年人功率训练的运动参数。此外，必须评估所使用测试的有效性和可靠性，以建立标准化测试方案。该方案还应包括日常生活身体活动的测量。
