School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2011 Nov 6;18(12):1323-30. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2165.
Autophagy is the degradation of cellular organelles via the lysosomal pathway. The autophagic ubiquitin-like (Ubl) molecule Atg8 is activated by the E1-like enzyme Atg7. As this noncanonical E1 enzyme's domain organization is unique among Ubl-activating E1 enzymes, the structural basis for its interactions with Atg8 and partner E2 enzymes remains obscure. Here we present the structure of the N-terminal domain of Atg7, revealing a unique protein fold and interactions with both autophagic E2 enzymes Atg3 and Atg10. The structure of the C-terminal domain of Atg7 in complex with Atg8 shows the mode of dimerization and mechanism of recognition of Atg8. Notably, the catalytic cysteine residue in Atg7 is positioned close to the C-terminal glycine of Atg8, its target for thioester formation, potentially eliminating the need for large conformational rearrangements characteristic of other E1s.
自噬是通过溶酶体途径降解细胞细胞器的过程。自噬泛素样(Ubl)分子 Atg8 被 E1 样酶 Atg7 激活。由于这种非典型 E1 酶的结构域组织在 Ubl 激活 E1 酶中是独特的,因此其与 Atg8 和伙伴 E2 酶相互作用的结构基础仍然不清楚。在这里,我们展示了 Atg7 的 N 端结构域的结构,揭示了一个独特的蛋白质折叠,并与自噬 E2 酶 Atg3 和 Atg10 相互作用。Atg7 的 C 端结构域与 Atg8 复合物的结构显示了二聚化的模式和识别 Atg8 的机制。值得注意的是,Atg7 中的催化半胱氨酸残基位于 Atg8 的 C 末端甘氨酸附近,这是其硫酯形成的靶标,可能消除了其他 E1 酶的大构象重排的需要。