School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Pain Res Manag. 2011 Jul-Aug;16(4):228-33. doi: 10.1155/2011/198703.
Research reporting effective pain care strategies exists, yet it is not translated to care. Little is known about how repeated pain exposure has affected nurses' ability to be empathetic and use their knowledge to provide evidence-based care. Concerns have been raised regarding the validity of self-report empathy instruments; therefore, a novel video program was developed for testing. It was hypothesized that those who viewed infants in painful and nonpainful states would have a measureable empathy (pain rating) response correlating to the level of pain expressed by the infants.
To validate the newly developed Empathy for Infant Pain video program (EIPvp) by determining whether nurse and non-nurse control groups' pain scores of 24 video clips showing infants undergoing real medical procedures were equal.
A descriptive cross-sectional video judgement study.
Fifty female participants (25 nurses and 25 allied health controls) were asked to score the infant procedural pain level displayed in the EIPvp using a visual analogue scale and a composite score of known infant pain cues. Participants also scored their own sensitivity to painful events.
Participants rated the videos contained in the EIPvp similarly in three categories (no, low or high pain); however, there were consistent differences between groups within the categories. Nurses scored facial cues for all categories higher than the control group. Nurses scored their own pain in hypothetical situations and that of the infants consistently higher than the control group.
The EIPvp yielded predictable responses from both the nurse and non-nurse control groups when scoring the pain expressed in the video clips. Nurses' detection of pain more often than controls may have been an indication that they have greater knowledge of pain cues, or their empathy levels may have been different as a result of their exposure to, or their perceived relationship with, patients. The EIPvp was validated and has promising potential for training and research purposes.
虽然有研究报告有效的疼痛护理策略，但这些策略并未转化为实际护理。人们对反复接触疼痛对护士同理心能力和运用知识提供循证护理的影响知之甚少。人们对同理心自我报告量表的有效性表示担忧；因此，开发了一种新的视频方案来进行测试。假设观看处于疼痛和非疼痛状态的婴儿的人会对婴儿表达的疼痛程度产生可衡量的同理心（疼痛评分）反应。
通过确定观看展示婴儿接受真实医疗程序的 24 个视频剪辑的护士和非护士对照组的疼痛评分是否相等，来验证新开发的婴儿疼痛同理心视频方案（EIPvp）。
描述性的横截面视频判断研究。
50 名女性参与者（25 名护士和 25 名医疗保健对照组）被要求使用视觉模拟量表和已知婴儿疼痛线索的综合评分，对 EIPvp 中显示的婴儿手术疼痛程度进行评分。参与者还对自己对疼痛事件的敏感度进行了评分。
参与者在三个类别（无、低或高疼痛）中对 EIPvp 中的视频进行了相似的评分；然而，在各个类别中，护士组和对照组之间存在一致的差异。护士对所有类别的面部线索评分均高于对照组。护士对自己在假设情况下和婴儿的疼痛评分始终高于对照组。
在对视频剪辑中表达的疼痛进行评分时，EIPvp 从护士和非护士对照组中获得了可预测的反应。与对照组相比，护士更频繁地发现疼痛，这可能表明他们对疼痛线索有更多的了解，或者由于他们接触或感知到与患者的关系，他们的同理心水平可能有所不同。EIPvp 已得到验证，具有培训和研究目的的广阔前景。
