Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7051, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
Physiol Behav. 2012 Feb 1;105(3):877-84. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.10.023. Epub 2011 Oct 28.
Whole grain rye products have previously been shown to increase feelings of satiety for up to 8h after intake under standardized conditions. This study was set out to investigate the sustainability of the satiating effect after regular consumption of breakfast meals with whole grain rye porridge or refined wheat bread. The study was randomized, cross-over and double-blind. Healthy subjects (n=24) were randomly assigned to daily consumption of iso-caloric standardized breakfast meals with whole grain rye porridge or refined wheat bread for two 3-wk phases, separated by a wash out of 3-4weeks. Each intervention phase had 3 scheduled visit days (days 1, 8 and 22) when appetite ratings (hunger, satiety and desire to eat) were registered for 24h at standardized conditions. Orocecal transit time (salicylazosulfapyridine/sulfapyridine method) and breath hydrogen as an indicator of colonic fermentation were measured at day 8 of each 3-wk phase in a subgroup (n=16). To investigate effects of breakfast on free-living food intake, 3-day weighed food diaries were self-registered during both intervention phases. Whole grain rye porridge breakfast resulted in higher ratings of satiety and lower hunger and desire to eat during 4h post consumption compared to refined wheat bread breakfast (p<0.001). This effect was sustained throughout the 3-wk study phases. Unlike previous studies, the effects did not persist into the afternoon (4-8h). The orocecal transit times after consumption of both breakfasts were similar and in the range of 5-6h. The rye porridge resulted in high levels of breath hydrogen 4-8h after intake, showing extensive colonic fermentation. This was however not related to any changes in appetite during this time-period. There were no significant differences in self-reported macronutrient- and energy intake between diets. This study shows that the satiating effect of rye persists after repeated daily consumption for up to three weeks. Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01117363.
全谷物黑麦产品已被证明在标准化条件下摄入后长达 8 小时增加饱腹感。本研究旨在调查在常规食用全谷物黑麦粥或精制小麦面包早餐后,饱腹感的可持续性。该研究为随机、交叉和双盲研究。健康受试者(n=24)被随机分配到每天食用等热量标准化的早餐,其中包括全谷物黑麦粥或精制小麦面包,为期 2 个 3 周的阶段,中间间隔 3-4 周的洗脱期。每个干预阶段有 3 个预定的访问日(第 1、8 和 22 天),在标准化条件下 24 小时记录食欲评分(饥饿感、饱腹感和进食欲望)。在每个 3 周阶段的第 8 天,亚组(n=16)测量口-盲肠转运时间(柳氮磺胺吡啶/磺胺吡啶法)和呼吸氢作为结肠发酵的指标。为了研究早餐对自由生活食物摄入的影响,在两个干预阶段期间,自我登记了 3 天的称重食物日记。与精制小麦面包早餐相比,全谷物黑麦粥早餐在摄入后 4 小时内可产生更高的饱腹感评分,饥饿感和进食欲望更低(p<0.001)。这种效果在整个 3 周的研究阶段都持续存在。与之前的研究不同,这种效果并没有持续到下午(4-8 小时)。两种早餐后口-盲肠转运时间相似,均在 5-6 小时范围内。黑麦粥摄入后 4-8 小时呼吸氢水平较高,表明广泛的结肠发酵。然而,在此期间,食欲没有任何变化。两种饮食的自我报告宏量营养素和能量摄入无显著差异。本研究表明,重复日常摄入黑麦粥可达 3 周,饱腹感持续存在。临床试验.gov 标识符:NCT01117363。