Hoffman L C, Wiklund E
University of Stellenbosch, Department of Animal Sciences, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
Meat Sci. 2006 Sep;74(1):197-208. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.04.005. Epub 2006 Apr 29.
This review focuses on how game meat from southern Africa and venison that are increasingly being imported into Europe and the US addresses consumer issues as pertaining to production (wild, free range or intensive production) and harvesting methods, healthiness (chemical composition, particularly fatty acid composition), and traceability. Although African game meat species are farmed extensively, deer species are farmed using extensive to intensive production systems. However, the increasingly intensive production of the cervids and the accompanying practices associated with this (castration, velvetting, feeding of balanced diets, etc.) may have a negative impact in the near future on the consumer's perception of these animals. These alternative meat species are all harvested in a sustainable manner using acceptable methods. All these species have very low muscle fat contents consisting predominantly of structural lipid components (phospholipid and cholesterol) that have high proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids. This results in the meat having desirable polyunsaturated:saturated and n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratios. The South African traceability system is discussed briefly as an example on how these exporting countries are able to address the requirements pertaining to the import of meat as stipulated by the European Economic Community.
本综述聚焦于越来越多地被进口到欧洲和美国的来自南部非洲的野味肉以及鹿肉，探讨其如何在生产（野生、自由放养或集约化生产）和收获方式、健康性（化学成分，特别是脂肪酸组成）以及可追溯性等方面满足消费者需求。尽管非洲野味肉品种广泛养殖，但鹿类品种的养殖采用从粗放型到集约型的生产系统。然而，鹿类日益集约化的生产以及与之相关的配套做法（阉割、鹿茸采集、均衡饮食喂养等）在不久的将来可能会对消费者对这些动物的认知产生负面影响。这些替代肉类品种均采用可接受的方法以可持续方式收获。所有这些品种的肌肉脂肪含量都非常低，主要由具有高比例多不饱和脂肪酸的结构性脂质成分（磷脂和胆固醇）组成。这使得这些肉类具有理想的多不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸比例以及n-6与n-3脂肪酸比例。作为这些出口国如何满足欧洲经济共同体规定的肉类进口要求的一个例子，本文简要讨论了南非的可追溯系统。
