Laboratory investigation of dysfunctional HDL.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are anti-atherosclerotic, by virtue of their functions in reverse cholesterol transportation, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. However, recent studies have cast doubt on the cardio-protective role of HDL. Structural modification and composition alteration of HDL due to chronic inflammation and acute phase responses may result in loss of normal biological function and even convert HDL into a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative agent. Therefore, the assessment of dysfunctional HDL has become a novel target to investigate the association between HDL and coronary artery disease risk. This review article summarizes the laboratory assessment of dysfunctional HDL.