Polednak A P
Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794.
J Cancer Educ. 1990;5(2):115-24. doi: 10.1080/08858199009528049.
Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality in the United States, and certain risk factors have been identified. Random samples (N = 893) of residents between 40 and 74 years old in two areas (ie, Long Island, New York and the state of Connecticut) with relatively high rates of colorectal cancer were surveyed by telephone in 1988. Prevalence of certain risk factors for colorectal cancer was estimated, including family history of colorectal cancer and personal history of "ulcerative colitis" and "polyps." Knowledge of dietary risk factors for cancer (ie, cured meat and low fiber intake), daily use of fiber cereals, and frequency of medical checkups did not differ significantly among those in higher-risk groups v other respondents. In multivariate analyses a family history of colorectal cancer was a significant independent predictor of knowledge of the frequency of colorectal cancer relative to stomach cancer, and of ever having heard of a fecal occult blood test, but not of having had an occult blood test or procto(sigmoido)scopy. Persons reporting a history of "ulcerative colitis" had a lower assessment of the curability of colorectal cancer, and the frequency of recent procto(sigmoido)scopic examination was not increased. Findings are discussed with reference to potential educational programs in the primary and secondary prevention of colorectal cancer.
结直肠癌是美国癌症死亡的主要原因，并且某些风险因素已被确定。1988年，通过电话对两个结直肠癌发病率相对较高地区（即纽约长岛和康涅狄格州）40至74岁的居民进行了随机抽样调查（N = 893）。对结直肠癌某些风险因素的患病率进行了估计，包括结直肠癌家族史以及“溃疡性结肠炎”和“息肉”的个人病史。高危组人群与其他受访者相比，对癌症饮食风险因素（即腌制肉类和低纤维摄入量）的了解、纤维谷类食品的日常食用情况以及体检频率并无显著差异。在多变量分析中，结直肠癌家族史是了解结直肠癌与胃癌发病率差异、以及是否听说过粪便潜血试验的显著独立预测因素，但不是进行潜血试验或直肠（乙状结肠）镜检查的预测因素。报告有“溃疡性结肠炎”病史的人对结直肠癌可治愈性的评估较低，近期直肠（乙状结肠）镜检查的频率也未增加。结合结直肠癌一级和二级预防的潜在教育项目对研究结果进行了讨论。
