Pfukenyi D M, Mukaratirwa S, Willingham A L, Monrad J
Clinical Veterinary Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2007 Jun;74(2):129-42. doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v74i2.132.
Between January 1999 and December 2000 faecal samples from 16264 cattle at 12 dipping sites in the highveld and nine in the lowveld communal grazing areas of Zimbabwe were examined for gastrointestinal (GI) nematode and cestodes eggs, and coccidia oocysts. Strongyle larvae were identified following culture of pooled faecal samples collected at monthly intervals. The effects of region, age, sex and season on the prevalence of GI nematodes, cestodes and coccidia were determined. Faecal egg and oocyst counts showed an overall prevalence of GI nematodes of 43%, coccidia 19.8% and cestodes 4.8%. A significantly higher prevalence of infection with GI nematodes, cestodes and coccidia was recorded in calves (P < 0.01) than in adults. Pregnant and lactating cows had significantly higher prevalences than bulls, oxen and non-lactating (dry cows) (P < 0.01). The general trend of eggs per gram (epg) of faeces and oocysts per gram (opg) of faeces was associated with the rainfall pattern in the two regions, with high epg and opg being recorded during the wet months. The most prevalent genera of GI nematodes were Cooperia, Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus in that order. Strongyloides papillosus was found exclusively in calves. Haemonchus was significantly more prevalent during the wet season than the dry season (P < 0.01). In contrast, Trichostrongylus was present in significantly (P < 0.01) higher numbers during the dry months than the wet months, while Cooperia and Oesophagostomum revealed no significant differences between the wet and dry season. These findings are discussed with reference to their relevance for strategic control of GI parasites in cattle in communal grazing areas of Zimbabwe.
1999年1月至2000年12月期间，对津巴布韦高草原地区12个药浴点以及低草原公共放牧区9个药浴点的16264头牛的粪便样本进行了检查，以检测胃肠道（GI）线虫、绦虫卵和球虫卵囊。通过对每月采集的混合粪便样本进行培养来鉴定圆线虫幼虫。确定了地区、年龄、性别和季节对胃肠道线虫、绦虫和球虫患病率的影响。粪便虫卵和卵囊计数显示，胃肠道线虫的总体患病率为43%，球虫为19.8%，绦虫为4.8%。犊牛胃肠道线虫、绦虫和球虫的感染率显著高于成年牛（P<0.01）。怀孕和泌乳母牛的患病率显著高于公牛、阉牛和非泌乳（干奶期）母牛（P<0.01）。每克粪便中的虫卵数（epg）和每克粪便中的卵囊数（opg）的总体趋势与两个地区的降雨模式相关，在雨季记录到较高的epg和opg。胃肠道线虫最常见的属依次为古柏线虫属、血矛线虫属和毛圆线虫属。乳头类圆线虫仅在犊牛中发现。血矛线虫在雨季的患病率显著高于旱季（P<0.01）。相比之下，毛圆线虫在旱季的数量显著高于雨季（P<0.01），而古柏线虫属和食道口线虫属在雨季和旱季之间没有显著差异。结合这些发现与津巴布韦公共放牧区牛胃肠道寄生虫战略控制的相关性进行了讨论。
