Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011 Oct;8(10):3871-88. doi: 10.3390/ijerph8103871. Epub 2011 Sep 28.
Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of premature deaths in the U.S., accounting for approximately 443,000 deaths annually. Although smoking prevalence in recent decades has declined substantially among all racial/ethnic groups, disparities in smoking-related behaviors among racial/ethnic groups continue to exist. Two of the goals of Healthy People 2020 are to reduce smoking prevalence among adults to 12% or less and to increase smoking cessation attempts by adult smokers from 41% to 80%. Our study assesses whether correlates of quit attempts vary by race/ethnicity among adult (≥ 18 years) smokers in the U.S. Understanding racial/ethnic differences in how both internal and external factors affect quit attempts is important for targeting smoking-cessation interventions to decrease tobacco-use disparities.
We used 2003 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (CPS) data from 16,213 adults to examine whether the relationship between demographic characteristics, smoking behaviors, smoking policies and having made a quit attempt in the past year varied by race/ethnicity.
Hispanics and persons of multiple races were more likely to have made a quit attempt than whites. Overall, younger individuals and those with >high school education, who smoked fewer cigarettes per day and had smoked for fewer years were more likely to have made a quit attempt. Having a smoke-free home, receiving a doctor's advice to quit, smoking menthol cigarettes and having a greater time to when you smoked your first cigarette of the day were also associated with having made a quit attempt. The relationship between these four variables and quit attempts varied by race/ethnicity; most notably receiving a doctor's advice was not related to quit attempts among Asian American/Pacific Islanders and menthol use among whites was associated with a lower prevalence of quit attempts while black menthol users were more likely to have made a quit attempt than white non-menthol users.
Most correlates of quit attempts were similar across all racial/ethnic groups. Therefore population-based comprehensive tobacco control programs that increase quit attempts and successful cessation among all racial/ethnic groups should be continued and expanded. Additional strategies may be needed to encourage quit attempts among less educated, older, and more addicted smokers.
在美国，吸烟是导致早逝的主要可预防原因，每年约有 44.3 万人因此死亡。尽管近几十年来所有种族/族裔群体的吸烟率都大幅下降，但种族/族裔群体之间与吸烟有关的行为仍存在差异。《健康人群 2020》的两个目标是将成年人的吸烟率降低到 12%或更低，并将成年吸烟者的戒烟尝试率从 41%提高到 80%。我们的研究评估了美国成年（≥18 岁）吸烟者中，戒烟尝试的相关性是否因种族/族裔而异。了解内部和外部因素如何影响戒烟尝试的种族/族裔差异，对于针对减少烟草使用差异的戒烟干预措施非常重要。
我们使用 2003 年烟草使用补充调查（CPS）数据对 16213 名成年人进行了调查，以研究人口统计学特征、吸烟行为、吸烟政策以及过去一年是否有戒烟尝试之间的关系是否因种族/族裔而异。
西班牙裔和多种族者比白人更有可能尝试戒烟。总体而言，年龄较小、受过高中以上教育、每天吸烟量较少且吸烟年限较短的人更有可能尝试戒烟。家中禁止吸烟、医生建议戒烟、吸薄荷烟以及吸烟第一支烟的时间较早也与戒烟尝试有关。这四个变量与戒烟尝试之间的关系因种族/族裔而异；值得注意的是，医生的建议与亚裔美国人/太平洋岛民的戒烟尝试无关，而白人吸薄荷烟与戒烟尝试的比例较低有关，而黑人群体中吸薄荷烟者比不吸薄荷烟者更有可能尝试戒烟。
大多数戒烟尝试的相关性在所有种族/族裔群体中都相似。因此，应继续和扩大基于人群的综合烟草控制计划，以增加所有种族/族裔群体的戒烟尝试和成功戒烟率。可能需要采取额外的策略来鼓励教育程度较低、年龄较大和成瘾程度较高的吸烟者尝试戒烟。
