Ernst Arne, Niedeggen Andreas
Department of Otolaryngology at ukb, Hospital of the University of Berlin (Charité Medical School).
GMS Curr Top Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;4:Doc20. Epub 2005 Sep 28.
The cervical spine (CS) is the most vulnerable part of the whole spine because it has least protection. This is due to its high mobility (few bone, but largely muscle and joint support) which is associated with a high injury risk. The anatomical characteristics are based on evolutionary biological reasons, i.e. humans had to be able to freely controlling the surrounding space with their eyes and to have permanent postural control by an upright position of the head. The cervical spine, its joint and the surrounding muscles are highly interconnected (e.g. direct neuronal projections into the brain stem, connections to the TMJ, Head's zones with projections to the skin surface). Moreover, the spinal pain memory store can lead to a variets of multi-facette clinical pictures. In addition to reversible disorders of the cervical spine, posttraumatic disorders play a major role. The therapy options available include physiotherapy, drug therapy and surgical measures. However, a multidisciplinary approach is most favourable.
颈椎是整个脊柱中最脆弱的部分，因为它受到的保护最少。这是由于其活动度高（骨骼较少，主要由肌肉和关节支撑），这与高损伤风险相关。其解剖学特征基于进化生物学原因，即人类必须能够用眼睛自由控制周围空间，并通过头部直立保持永久的姿势控制。颈椎、其关节和周围肌肉高度相互连接（例如，直接向脑干的神经投射、与颞下颌关节的连接、向皮肤表面投射的海德带）。此外，脊柱疼痛记忆库可导致多种多方面的临床表现。除了颈椎的可逆性疾病外，创伤后疾病也起主要作用。可用的治疗选择包括物理治疗、药物治疗和手术措施。然而，多学科方法最为有利。
