Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Cogn Emot. 2012;26(5):916-26. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2011.621932. Epub 2011 Nov 14.
We know very little about the development of rumination, the tendency to passively brood about negative feelings. Because rumination is a risk factor for many forms of psychopathology, especially depression, such knowledge could prove important for preventing negative mental health outcomes in youth. This study examined developmental origins of rumination in a longitudinal sample (N=337; 51% girls) studied in preschool (ages 3½ and 4½ years) and early adolescence (ages 13 and 15 years). Results indicated that family context and child temperament, assessed during the preschool period, were risk factors for a ruminative style in adolescence. Specifically, early family contexts characterised by over-controlling parenting and a family style of negative-submissive expressivity predicted higher levels of later rumination. These associations were moderated by children's temperamental characteristics of negative affect and effortful control. Further, the interaction of these temperament factors exerted an additional influence on later rumination. Implications for prevention and intervention efforts are discussed.
我们对反刍思维（即被动地沉思负面情绪的倾向）的发展知之甚少。由于反刍思维是许多形式的精神病理学的风险因素，尤其是抑郁症，因此这种知识对于预防青少年的负面心理健康结果可能非常重要。本研究在一个纵向样本（N=337；51%的女孩）中研究了反刍思维的发展起源，该样本在学龄前（3 岁半和 4 岁半）和青少年早期（13 岁和 15 岁）进行了研究。研究结果表明，在学龄前期间评估的家庭环境和儿童气质是青少年时期出现反刍思维方式的风险因素。具体而言，以过度控制型教养和消极顺从表达为特征的早期家庭环境预测了以后更高水平的反刍。这些关联受到儿童负面情绪和努力控制特质的调节。此外，这些气质因素的相互作用对以后的反刍思维有额外的影响。讨论了预防和干预工作的意义。
