Elcriton Inc., 15 Innovation Way, Room 147, Newark, DE 19711, USA.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2012 Jun;23(3):364-81. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.10.008. Epub 2011 Nov 11.
Clostridia are anaerobic Firmicutes producing a large array of metabolites by utilizing simple and complex carbohydrates, such as cellulose, as well as CO2/H2 or CO. Their exceptional substrate diversity is enhanced by their ability to produce a broad spectrum of chemicals that can be used as precursors to or directly as biofuels and industrial chemicals. Genetic and genomic tools are under intense development, and recent efforts to metabolically engineer clostridia demonstrate their potential for biofuel and biorefinery applications. Pathway engineering to combine established substrate-utilization programs, such as for cellulose, CO2/H2 or CO, with desirable metabolic programs could lead to modular design of strains suitable for many applications. Engineering complex phenotypes--aerotolerance, abolished sporulation, and tolerance to toxic chemicals--could lead to superior bioprocessing strains.
梭菌是严格厌氧菌，能利用简单和复杂的碳水化合物（如纤维素）、CO2/H2 或 CO 产生大量代谢产物。它们能够产生广泛的化学物质，可用作生物燃料和工业化学品的前体或直接用作生物燃料和工业化学品，从而增强了其对底物的多样性利用能力。遗传和基因组工具正在得到深入开发，最近对梭菌进行代谢工程改造的努力表明，它们具有在生物燃料和生物炼制应用中的潜力。通过途径工程，可以将已建立的底物利用程序（如纤维素、CO2/H2 或 CO）与理想的代谢程序相结合，从而可以对适合许多应用的菌株进行模块化设计。对复杂表型（耐氧性、无孢子形成和耐受有毒化学品）进行工程改造，可能会产生更优的生物加工菌株。
