Psychology Department, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23185-8795, USA.
Appetite. 2012 Feb;58(1):319-25. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.10.015. Epub 2011 Nov 2.
Previous research has suggested that vegetarianism may serve as a mask for restrained eating. The purpose of this study was to compare the dietary habits and lifestyle behaviors of vegetarians (n=55), pesco-vegetarians (n=28), semi-vegetarians (n=29), and flexitarians (n=37), to omnivores (n=91), who do not restrict animal products from their diets. A convenience sample of college-age females completed questionnaires about their eating habits, food choice motivations, and personality characteristics. Results indicated that while vegetarians and pesco-vegetarians were more open to new experiences and less food neophobic, they were not more restrained than omnivores. Rather semi-vegetarians; those who restricted only red meat from their diet, and flexitarians; those who occasionally eat red meat, were significantly more restrained than omnivores. Whereas food choices of semi-vegetarians and flexitarians were motivated by weight control, vegetarians and pesco-vegetarians' food choices were motivated by ethical concerns. By focusing specifically on semi-vegetarian and flexitarian subgroups, more effective approaches can be developed to ensure that their concerns about weight loss do not lead to unhealthful or disordered eating patterns.
先前的研究表明，素食可能是节制饮食的一种掩饰。本研究的目的是比较素食者（n=55）、鱼素食者（n=28）、半素食者（n=29）和弹性素食者（n=37）与杂食者（n=91）的饮食习惯和生活方式行为，杂食者不限制饮食中的动物产品。一个方便的大学生女性样本完成了关于饮食习惯、食物选择动机和个性特征的问卷。结果表明，素食者和鱼素食者虽然对新体验更开放，对食物的恐惧程度更低，但他们并不比杂食者更克制。相反，半素食者——那些只限制饮食中的红色肉类的人，以及弹性素食者——那些偶尔吃红色肉类的人，比杂食者更克制。半素食者和弹性素食者的食物选择是出于控制体重的动机，而素食者和鱼素食者的食物选择则是出于道德考虑。通过特别关注半素食者和弹性素食者亚组，可以制定更有效的方法，以确保他们对减肥的担忧不会导致不健康或紊乱的饮食模式。
