Nezlek John B
Center for Climate Change and Social Transformations, Institute of Psychology, SWPS University, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Psychological Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, Unitd States of America.
PLoS One. 2025 May 28;20(5):e0323202. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0323202. eCollection 2025.
Differences between the basic human values of vegetarians and non-vegetarians were examined in three studies of samples of adults drawn from general populations, one in the US and two in Poland. Vegetarians were oversampled in the US study (514 vegetarians, 540 non-vegetarians) and in one study in Poland (301 vegetarians, 335 non-vegetarians). In the other Polish study, there 68 vegetarians and 1943 non-vegetarians. Values were measured using Schwartz's Portrait Value Questionnaire. Across all three studies, Benevolence, Security, and Conformity values were significantly less important for vegetarians than they were for non-vegetarians, although the difference for Conformity was marginally significant (p < .10) in the US study. Across all three studies, vegetarians also endorsed Tradition values less strongly than non-vegetarians, although this difference was not statistically significant in the US study (p = .12). Across all three studies, vegetarians endorsed Stimulation, Achievement, and Power values more strongly than non-vegetarians did. There was only one value, Self-direction, for which the difference between vegetarians and non-vegetarians varied between the two countries. In the US, Self-direction values were more important for non-vegetarians than they were for vegetarians, whereas in Poland the difference was in the opposite direction. Across the three studies, there were only a few instances in which differences between vegetarians and non-vegetarians varied as a function of respondents' gender. These results suggest that following a vegetarian diet represents a manifestation of values that emphasize independence and individuality, a possibility that is somewhat at odds with how vegetarianism is often discussed.
在三项针对从普通人群中抽取的成年人样本的研究中，对素食者和非素食者的基本人类价值观差异进行了考察，其中一项研究在美国开展，另外两项在波兰进行。在美国的研究（514名素食者、540名非素食者）以及波兰的一项研究（301名素食者、335名非素食者）中，素食者为超样本。在波兰的另一项研究中，有68名素食者和1943名非素食者。使用施瓦茨的肖像价值观问卷来测量价值观。在所有三项研究中，仁爱、安全和遵从价值观对素食者的重要性显著低于对非素食者的重要性，尽管在美国的研究中，遵从价值观的差异勉强显著（p < 0.10）。在所有三项研究中，素食者对传统价值观的认同也不如非素食者强烈，尽管在美国的研究中这种差异没有统计学意义（p = 0.12）。在所有三项研究中，素食者对刺激、成就和权力价值观的认同比非素食者更强烈。只有一种价值观，即自主导向，在两个国家中素食者和非素食者之间的差异有所不同。在美国，自主导向价值观对非素食者比对素食者更重要，而在波兰，差异方向相反。在这三项研究中，只有少数情况下素食者和非素食者之间的差异会因受访者的性别而有所不同。这些结果表明，遵循素食饮食代表了一种强调独立和个性的价值观的体现，这一可能性与人们通常对素食主义的讨论方式有些不一致。
