INRA, UMR 1079 SENAH, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France.
J Anim Sci. 2012 May;90(5):1513-20. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-3941. Epub 2011 Nov 11.
The present study investigated the effect of 3 different durations of feeding a diet supplemented with defatted bovine colostrum (Col) on growth performance and sanitary status of the weaned piglet. At 28 d of age, piglets were weaned and fed 1 of the 2 following diets: a control (Ctrl) starter diet or a starter diet supplemented with Col. Two experiments were conducted. In Exp. 1, 310 piglets (12 pens consisting of 10 piglets/pen and 10 pens consisting of 19 piglets/pen) were allocated to 1 of the 2 dietary treatments for 12 d. In Exp. 2, 522 piglets (18 pens consisting of 10 piglets/pen and 18 pens consisting of 19 piglets/pen) were allocated to 1 of the following 3 dietary treatments: fed the Ctrl diet from d 1 to 12 (Ctrl), Col diet from d 1 to 4 and then the Ctrl diet up to d 12 (Col-4d), or the Col diet from d 1 to 6 and then the Ctrl diet up to d 12 (Col-6d). For both experiments, a commercial second-phase diet was fed to piglets from d 12 to 46. Feed intake, growth performance, and cleanliness of floor and hindquarters of animals were investigated during the first 7 wk postweaning. In Exp. 1, from d 0 to 12, ADFI, ADG, and G:F were 16 (P = 0.004), 23 (P < 0.001), and 5% (P = 0.069) greater, respectively, in Col piglets compared with Ctrl piglets. Thereafter, ADFI and ADG were 7 (P < 0.001) and 9% (P < 0.001) greater, respectively, in Col piglets than Ctrl piglets (d 12 to 46). On d 12 after weaning, piglets fed the Col diet had more normal feces (+13%) and less soft or liquid feces (-9 and -4%, respectively) than piglets fed the Ctrl diet (P = 0.06). Compared with Ctrl piglets, feeding the Col diet led to more days with normal feces for the floor cleanliness (+22%; P < 0.001) from d 7 to 11. In Exp. 2, compared with Ctrl piglets, ADFI, ADG, and G:F were 8, 23, and 13% greater (P < 0.05) in Col-6d piglets from d 0 to 9, whereas values for Col-4d piglets were intermediate and did not differ from the values of the other dietary treatments. On d 9 after weaning, piglets fed the Col-4d or the Col-6d diet had more normal feces (+6 and +4%, respectively) and less liquid feces (-4 and -3%, respectively) than piglets fed the Ctrl diet (P = 0.08). No long lasting effects were observed thereafter. In conclusion, there was a reduction of weaning-induced growth check and diarrheal episodes in weaned piglets fed the Col diet. The beneficial effects of the bovine colostrum were observed beyond the period of treatment when the supplementation covered the first 6 d postweaning, which corresponded to the acute phase of postweaning digestive disturbances.
本研究旨在探讨不同时长的脱脂牛初乳（Col）日粮喂养对断奶仔猪生长性能和卫生状况的影响。在 28 日龄时，仔猪断奶并喂养以下 2 种日粮之一：对照（Ctrl）起始日粮或添加 Col 的起始日粮。进行了 2 个实验。在实验 1 中，将 310 头仔猪（12 个栏，每个栏 10 头仔猪和 10 个栏 19 头仔猪）随机分配到 2 种日粮处理中的 1 种，进行 12 天的试验。在实验 2 中，将 522 头仔猪（18 个栏，每个栏 10 头仔猪和 18 个栏 19 头仔猪）随机分配到以下 3 种日粮处理中的 1 种：从第 1 天到第 12 天（Ctrl）饲喂对照日粮、第 1 天到第 4 天（Col-4d）饲喂 Col 日粮、然后饲喂对照日粮至第 12 天，或第 1 天到第 6 天（Col-6d）饲喂 Col 日粮、然后饲喂对照日粮至第 12 天。对于这两个实验，在断奶后第 12 天至第 46 天，仔猪饲喂商品第二阶段日粮。在断奶后第 1 至 7 周，研究了仔猪的采食量、生长性能以及动物后腿和地面的清洁度。在实验 1 中，从第 0 天到第 12 天，与对照仔猪相比，Col 仔猪的 ADFI、ADG 和 G:F 分别增加了 16%（P = 0.004）、23%（P < 0.001）和 5%（P = 0.069）。此后，Col 仔猪的 ADFI 和 ADG 分别比对照仔猪高 7%（P < 0.001）和 9%（P < 0.001）（断奶后第 12 天至第 46 天）。断奶后第 12 天，与对照日粮相比，饲喂 Col 日粮的仔猪粪便正常的比例增加了 13%（P = 0.06），软便和稀便的比例分别降低了 9%和 4%。与对照仔猪相比，饲喂 Col 日粮可使仔猪后腿清洁的正常粪便天数增加 22%（P < 0.001），从第 7 天到第 11 天。在实验 2 中，与对照仔猪相比，Col-6d 仔猪从第 0 天到第 9 天的 ADFI、ADG 和 G:F 分别增加了 8%、23%和 13%（P < 0.05），而 Col-4d 仔猪的数值处于中间，与其他日粮处理没有差异。断奶后第 9 天，与对照日粮相比，饲喂 Col-4d 或 Col-6d 日粮的仔猪粪便正常的比例分别增加了 6%和 4%（P = 0.08），稀便的比例分别减少了 4%和 3%（P = 0.08）。此后，没有观察到长期影响。总之，饲喂 Col 日粮可减轻断奶引起的仔猪生长受阻和腹泻。牛初乳的有益作用在断奶后持续了 6 天的治疗期之外，这一时期的补充物涵盖了断奶后消化紊乱的急性期。
