Department of Health, Ethics and Society & Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University,Netherlands.
Cult Health Sex. 2012;14(2):223-35. doi: 10.1080/13691058.2011.629682. Epub 2011 Nov 15.
This paper reports on an ethnographic study in Cartagena, Colombia. Over a seven-month fieldwork period, 35 men and 35 women between 15 and 60 years of age discussed the social context of HIV/AIDS through in-depth interviews, life histories and drawing. Participants considered the transgression of traditional gender roles as prescribed by machismo a major risk factor for HIV infection. In addition, they integrated public-health concepts of risk groups with these long-standing constructions of gender roles and sexuality-related stigma to create the notion of 'AIDS carriers'. The bricolage between machismo, public health and sexuality-related stigma that participants created and consequent preventive measures (based on an avoidance of sex with people identified as 'AIDS carriers') was a dynamic process in which participants were aware that changes in this particular interpretation of risk were necessary to confront the local epidemic.
本文报告了在哥伦比亚卡塔赫纳进行的一项民族志研究。在为期七个月的实地工作期间，35 名 15 至 60 岁的男性和 35 名女性通过深入访谈、生活史和绘画讨论了 HIV/AIDS 的社会背景。参与者认为，违反machismo 规定的传统性别角色是 HIV 感染的一个主要风险因素。此外，他们将与风险群体相关的公共卫生概念与这些长期存在的性别角色和与性相关的污名观念结合起来，创造了“艾滋病携带者”的概念。参与者创造的 machismo、公共卫生和与性相关的污名之间的组合，以及随之而来的预防措施（基于避免与被认定为“艾滋病携带者”的人发生性关系）是一个动态过程，参与者意识到，为了应对当地的艾滋病流行，这种对风险的特定解释的改变是必要的。
