Non Communicable Diseases and Social Determinants of Health Cluster, WHO India Country Office, New Delhi, India.
Indian J Public Health. 2011 Jul-Sep;55(3):155-60. doi: 10.4103/0019-557X.89943.
Tobacco use is a serious public health problem in the South East Asia Region where use of both smoking and smokeless form of tobacco is widely prevalent. The region has almost one quarter of the global population and about one quarter of all smokers in the world. Smoking among men is high in the Region and women usually take to chewing tobacco. The prevalence across countries varies significantly with smoking among adult men ranges from 24.3% (India) to 63.1% (Indonesia) and among adult women from 0.4% (Sri Lanka) to 15% (Myanmar and Nepal). The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use among men varies from 1.3% (Thailand) to 31.8% (Myanmar), while for women it is from 4.6% (Nepal) to 27.9% (Bangladesh). About 55% of total deaths are due to Non communicable diseases (NCDs) with 53.4% among females with highest in Maldives (79.4%) and low in Timor-Leste (34.4%). Premature mortality due to NCDs in young age is high in the region with 60.7% deaths in Timor Leste and 60.6% deaths in Bangladesh occurring below the age of 70 years. Age standardized death rate per 100,000 populations due to NCDs ranges from 793 (Bhutan) and 612 (Maldives) among males and 654 (Bhutan) and 461 (Sri Lanka) among females respectively. Out of 5.1 millions tobacco attributable deaths in the world, more than 1 million are in South East Asia Region (SEAR) countries. Reducing tobacco use is one of the best buys along with harmful use of alcohol, salt reduction and promotion of physical activity for preventing NCDs. Integrating tobacco control with broader population services in the health system framework is crucial to achieve control of NCDs and sustain development in SEAR countries.
烟草使用是东南亚地区的一个严重公共卫生问题，该地区既流行吸烟，也流行使用无烟烟草。该地区拥有全球近四分之一的人口，占全球吸烟者的四分之一。该地区男性吸烟率较高，而女性通常咀嚼烟草。各国的流行率差异很大，成年男性吸烟率范围从 24.3%（印度）到 63.1%（印度尼西亚），成年女性吸烟率范围从 0.4%（斯里兰卡）到 15%（缅甸和尼泊尔）。男性使用无烟烟草的流行率从 1.3%（泰国）到 31.8%（缅甸）不等，而女性则从 4.6%（尼泊尔）到 27.9%（孟加拉国）不等。约 55%的总死亡人数归因于非传染性疾病（NCDs），其中 53.4%在女性中，最高的是马尔代夫（79.4%），最低的是东帝汶（34.4%）。该地区年轻人因 NCD 导致的过早死亡率较高，东帝汶有 60.7%的死亡和孟加拉国有 60.6%的死亡发生在 70 岁以下。标准化 NCD 每 10 万人死亡率为 793（不丹）和 612（马尔代夫）男性，654（不丹）和 461（斯里兰卡）女性。在全球 510 万与烟草相关的死亡人数中，东南亚地区（SEAR）国家超过 100 万。减少烟草使用是预防非传染性疾病的最佳选择之一，与有害使用酒精、减少盐的摄入和促进身体活动相结合。在卫生系统框架内将烟草控制与更广泛的人群服务相结合，对于控制非传染性疾病和维持 SEAR 国家的发展至关重要。
