Effect of external voltage on Pseudomonas putida F1 in a bio electrochemical cell using toluene as sole carbon and energy source.

A bio electrochemical cell (BEC) was constructed as a typical two-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC), except that it was operated under external voltage instead of constant resistance as in an MFC. The anode chamber contained a pure culture of Pseudomonas putida F1 grown in a minimal medium containing toluene as the sole carbon and energy source. Operating the BEC under external voltages of 75, 125, 175, 250 and 500 mV (versus an Ag/AgCl reference electrode) led to increased bacterial cell growth to an OD(600) of 0.62-0.75, while the control BEC, which was not connected to external voltage, reached an OD(600) of only 0.3. Examination of the current generated under external voltages of 75, 125, 175, 250 and 500 mV showed that the maximal currents were 11, 23, 28, 54 and 94 mA m(-2), respectively. Cyclic voltammetry experiments demonstrated an anodic peak at 270 mV, which may imply oxidation of a vital molecule. The average residual toluene concentration after 147 h in the BEC operated under external voltage was 22 %, whereas in the control BEC it was 81 %. Proteome analysis of bacterial cells grown in the BEC (125 mV) revealed two groups of proteins, which are ascribed to charge transfer in the bacterial cells and from the cell to the electrode. In conclusion, operating the BEC at 75-500 mV enabled growth of a pure culture of P. putida F1 and toluene degradation even in an oxygen-limited environment.