Mezuk Briana, Kershaw Kiarri N, Hudson Darrell, Lim Kyuang Ah, Ratliff Scott
Department of Epidemiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, P. O. Box 980212, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
Race Soc Probl. 2011 Mar;3(1):38-50. doi: 10.1007/s12552-011-9041-7.
Job strain has been associated with hypertension among younger workers; however, whether this relationship persists among older workers, particularly older racial/ethnic minorities, is unresolved. This study evaluated whether job strain and workplace discrimination are associated with hypertension and poor blood pressure control among older workers and whether these relationships vary by gender and race/ethnicity. Data were drawn from the Health and Retirement Study, and analysis was restricted to employed participants with complete information on job strain and blood pressure (N = 3,794). In adjusted models, high job strain was associated with lower likelihood of hypertension (odds ratio (OR): 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63, 0.89) relative to low job strain. Stratified analyses indicated this association was only significant among white (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.86) and male (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.79) workers. High job strain was not significantly associated with hypertension among African American (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.63, 2.07) or Hispanic (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.29, 1.09) workers. Workplace discrimination was not associated with hypertension among any group. Neither job strain nor discrimination was associated with poor blood pressure control. These findings suggest that persistence in work characterized by high job strain in later life may signal resilience to the influence of work-related stressors on health. Future research efforts should examine the factors that contribute to gender and racial differences in these relationships.
工作压力与年轻员工的高血压有关；然而，这种关系在老年员工，尤其是老年少数族裔中是否持续存在仍未得到解决。本研究评估了工作压力和职场歧视是否与老年员工的高血压及血压控制不佳有关，以及这些关系是否因性别和种族/族裔而异。数据取自健康与退休研究，分析仅限于在工作压力和血压方面有完整信息的在职参与者（N = 3794）。在调整后的模型中，相对于低工作压力，高工作压力与患高血压的可能性较低相关（优势比（OR）：0.75，95%置信区间（CI）：0.63，0.89）。分层分析表明，这种关联仅在白人（OR：0.71，95%CI：0.58，0.86）和男性（OR：0.61，95%CI：0.47，0.79）员工中显著。在非裔美国人（OR：1.14，95%CI：0.63，2.07）或西班牙裔（OR：0.56，95%CI：0.29，1.09）员工中，高工作压力与高血压无显著关联。职场歧视在任何群体中都与高血压无关。工作压力和歧视均与血压控制不佳无关。这些发现表明，晚年持续从事以高工作压力为特征的工作可能表明对与工作相关的压力源对健康的影响具有恢复力。未来的研究应探讨导致这些关系中性别和种族差异的因素。
