German International Cooperation (GIZ) GmbH, Sustainable sanitation--ecosan program, Postfach 5180, 65726 Eschborn, Germany.
Water Sci Technol. 2011;64(3):579-86. doi: 10.2166/wst.2011.530.
In the main office building of GTZ in Eschborn, Germany a resource-oriented sanitation system containing urine diversion (UD) toilets and waterless urinals has been in operation since 2006. After 2.5 years of operating the system, a first overall evaluation of the system in terms of its acceptance amongst the users and the cleaning staff was conducted by carrying out two surveys and many interviews. The overall result is that most of the users appreciate the sanitation concept in theory but have problems with the technical design of the particular type of UD flush toilets installed here. The survey results also gave some directions towards which hygiene devices the users would appreciate in order to overcome their reluctance to sit down on the toilet seat in public buildings (the sitting being necessary for correct operation of the urine valve to separate urine from flush water). Also, it is difficult to convince the cleaning and facility maintenance staff of the necessity of special cleaning and preventative maintenance routines. Hence, before such systems can be widely used, clear cleaning routines and maintenance instruction are required as well as certain technical modifications of this type of UD flush toilets to optimise the urine/water separation and the flushing properties of the toilet.
自 2006 年以来，德国埃施博恩 GTZ 总部大楼内一直采用一种以资源为导向的卫生系统，其中包括尿液分流（UD）厕所和无水小便器。该系统运行了 2.5 年后，通过进行两次调查和多次访谈，对其在用户和清洁人员中的接受程度进行了首次全面评估。总体结果是，大多数用户在理论上欣赏卫生概念，但对安装的特定类型 UD 冲洗厕所的技术设计存在问题。调查结果还为用户可能欣赏的卫生设备指明了一些方向，以便克服他们在公共建筑中不愿坐在马桶座上的问题（为了使尿液阀将尿液与冲洗水分离，必须坐下）。此外，清洁和设施维护人员也很难理解特殊清洁和预防性维护程序的必要性。因此，在广泛使用此类系统之前，需要明确的清洁程序和维护说明，以及对这种类型的 UD 冲洗厕所进行某些技术修改，以优化尿液/水分离和厕所的冲洗性能。
