School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, United Kingdom.
Pollution Research Group, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Jun 10;668:419-431. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.220. Epub 2019 Feb 17.
A prototype of a non-fluid based mechanical toilet flush was tested in a semi-public, institutional setting and in selected peri-urban households in eThekwini municipality, Republic of South Africa. The mechanism's functionality and users' perception of the flush were assessed. User perception varied depending on background: Users accustomed to porcelain water flush toilets were open to, yet reserved about the idea of using a waterless flush in their homes. Those who commonly use Urine Diversion Dehydration Toilets were far more receptive. The user-centred field trials were complemented by a controlled laboratory experiment, using synthetic urine, -faeces, and -menstrual blood, to systematically assess the efficiency of three swipe materials to clean the rotating bowl of the flush. A silicone rubber with oil-bleed-effect was found to be the best performing material for the swipe. Lubrication of the bowl prior to use further reduced fouling. A mechanical waterless flush that does not require consumables, like plastic wrappers, is a novelty and could - implemented in existing dry toilet systems - improve acceptance and thus the success of waterless sanitation.
一种基于非流动体的机械马桶冲水器原型在南非共和国埃特科维市的半公共机构和选定的城郊家庭中进行了测试。评估了该机械的功能以及用户对该冲水器的看法。用户的看法因背景而异：习惯使用瓷质水冲洗马桶的用户对在家中使用无水冲洗器的想法持开放态度，但有所保留。那些经常使用尿液分流脱水厕所的用户则更容易接受。用户为中心的现场试验得到了一个使用合成尿液、粪便和月经血的对照实验室实验的补充，以系统地评估三种擦拭材料清洁冲水器旋转碗的效率。具有油性渗出效应的硅橡胶被发现是擦拭用的最佳材料。使用前对碗进行润滑进一步减少了污垢的堆积。一种不需要消耗品（如塑料包装）的机械无水冲洗器是一种新颖的产品，如果将其应用于现有的干式厕所系统中，可以提高接受度，从而提高无水卫生设施的成功。
