Ferguson T S, Tulloch-Reid M K, Younger N O, McFarlane S R, Francis D K, Wilks R J
Tropical Medicine Research Institute (Epidemiology Research Unit), The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
West Indian Med J. 2011 Jul;60(4):429-33.
Prehypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure of 120-139 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of 80-89 mmHg in patients not on medication for hypertension. Recent studies have shown that prehypertension has a high prevalence in both western and eastern countries and is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, incident CVD and CVD mortality. We reviewed data from ongoing epidemiological studies in Jamaica in order to provide an update on the prevalence and predictors of prehypertension in Jamaica. Studies included were the Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Surveys (2000-2001 and 2007-2008), the Jamaica Youth Risk and Resiliency Behaviour Survey 2006, the 1986 Jamaica Birth Cohort Study and the Spanish Town Cohort Study. The prevalence of prehypertension in the most recent national survey was 35% (95% CI 33, 38%). Prevalence was higher in men compared to women (42% versus 29%). Jamaicans with prehypertension were more likely to have other CVD risk factors and were three times more likely to develop hypertension compared with persons with a normal blood pressure. Prevalence was also high among youth, particularly males. Longitudinal analysis from the 1986 birth cohort suggested that prehypertension may be more common in persons with low birthweight or short birth length. Physicians and public health practitioners should recognize the increased CVD risk associated with prehypertension and should begin to institute CVD prevention measures in persons with prehypertension. Sex differences and the early onset of prehypertension in men require further exploration.
高血压前期被定义为未服用抗高血压药物的患者收缩压为120 - 139 mmHg或舒张压为80 - 89 mmHg。最近的研究表明，高血压前期在西方国家和东方国家都有很高的患病率，并且与心血管疾病（CVD）风险因素、新发CVD以及CVD死亡率相关。我们回顾了牙买加正在进行的流行病学研究数据，以便提供牙买加高血压前期患病率及预测因素的最新情况。纳入的研究有牙买加健康与生活方式调查（2000 - 2001年和2007 - 2008年）、2006年牙买加青年风险与复原力行为调查、1986年牙买加出生队列研究以及西班牙镇队列研究。在最近的全国性调查中，高血压前期的患病率为35%（95%置信区间33, 38%）。男性患病率高于女性（42%对29%）。患有高血压前期的牙买加人更有可能有其他CVD风险因素，与血压正常者相比，患高血压的可能性是其三倍。青年人群中的患病率也很高，尤其是男性。1986年出生队列的纵向分析表明，低出生体重或出生时身长较短的人高血压前期可能更常见。医生和公共卫生从业者应认识到与高血压前期相关的CVD风险增加，并应开始对高血压前期患者采取CVD预防措施。男性中存在的性别差异和高血压前期的早发情况需要进一步探究。
